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15 Cards in this Set

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Apraxia of Speech
Neurological disorder caused by the loss of ability to execute (carryout) learned (familiar) movements despite desire and physical ability.
The root of Apraxia is praxis which is Greek for an act, work or deed.
Which areas in the frontal lobe have been suggested as the motor speech programmer?
Left Frontal lobe

-Primary Motor Cortex
-Left Parietal Cortex
Center for motor planning
What are the three major causes of apraxia of speech?
1. Stroke
2. Degenerative Disease
3. TBI
Differentiate oral apraxia from apraxia of speech.
Nonverbal-Oral
Cannot carryout facial movements on command (lick-lips, whistle)
Oral
Difficulty planning movements necessary for speech.
Facial characteristics versus moving what is needed for speech (exclusively)
Define the motor speech programmer
A neural network which sequences motor movements for speech
and
analyzes info sequences that info into neural codes.
linguistic, motor, sensory. and emotional info has to be ____ before it can be sequenced into a neural code.
How does apraxia of speech affect prosody?
The articulation errors (revisions and restarts) make it difficult for normal prosody.
* Rate is slower
* variations in pitch and loudness are reduced.
Rate, rhythm, pitch and loudness
Describe the respiration of AOS patients.
The patient may have difficulty taking a breath on command.
* halting and effortful
* difficulty only in voluntary tasks.
Describe the resonance of AOS patients.
Resonance is generally not affected
Describe the phonation of AOS patients.
Rarely noted in mild to moderate cases of AOS
In order to differentiate apraxia of speech from dysarthria, one must first rule out other contributing factors, such as:
Muscle weakness or incoordination
* sensory loss
* comprehension deficit
determining much of this will be based on observations of voluntary and automatic movements.
Contrast A. ideomotor and
B. ideational apraxia.
A. inability to carryout motor command

B. Inability to create a plan for idea of a specific movement
What are the distinguishing characteristics of the articulation errors in apraxia of speech?
Substitutions
(placement errors-Spoonerisms) are more common than distortions, omissions, additions, or repetitions
*articulation in real words is better than in nonsense words.
* increased errors occur with an increase in complexity of word.
Differentiate Rosenbek’s and Darley et al.’s treatment approaches.
Darley et al procedures included 1. initiating speech activities
2. using automatic responses
3. phonemic drills
Rosenbeck = 8 step continuum.
(clinician)"Watch me, listen to me"
What does the clinician do for the patient in the PROMPT program?
The clinicain manually guides the articulators to the appropriate position needed to produce the target sound.
What are the levels in Melodic Intonation Therapy?
1. Elementary: clinician demonstrated melody & taps syllables & patient listens

2. Intermediate:increase lenggth and complexity of target utterances

3. Advanced:Use delay repetition