Na 272 Midterm

Front 1

Glucose: normal, pre-diabetes, diabetes

Back 1

Normal: <100 (fasting)

Pre-Diabetes: 100-126

Diabetes: >126

Random blood glucose level: >200

A1C: >6.5 (avg blood sugar in 3 months)

Front 2

Sodium (Na+) Ranges

Back 2

Normal: 135-145 mEq/L

Hyponatremia: 125-130

—water retention, muscle cramps, confusion/delirium

Hypernatremia: >160 mEq/L

—lack of water, thirst, dry flushed skin, heart failure

Sodium = Fluid Balance

Front 3

Vitamin K+ Ranges

Back 3

Potassium Normal: 3.5-5.0

Hypokalemia: <3.5 parenthesis, EKG changes

Hyperkalemia: >5.0, paralysis, EKG changes

Cardiac sensitive, arrhythmia, CV changes

Front 4

Cholesterol Values

Back 4

Total cholesterol: > 200 mg/dL

LDL: <100, should be low

HDL: Should be high

Does not travel through your body unless you are having fat (clogs arteries)

Front 5

Hemoglobin Ranges

Back 5

Hgb, main component of RBC, transports oxygen

Men normal range: 14-17

Women normal range: 12-16

Critical: <5 or >20

Divide by 3 to get HCT (hematocrit)

Front 6

Hematocrit Range

Back 6

HCT

Percent of plasma to blood, percent of RBC in circulation

Times 3 to get Hgb

HCT = 3 x Hgb

Front 7

Hemoglobin/Hematocrit Increased and Decreased Symptoms

Back 7

Increased H/H: hypovolemia, dehydration, diarrhea

— >17 Hgb

Decreased H/H: anemia, malnutrition (lack of iron, b12, folate), bleeding, over hydration

— <12

Front 8

Platelet Ranges

Back 8

Thrombocytes: essential for clotting

Normal: 150,000-400,000 x10^3mm

Thrombocytopenia:

<50,000: observe for bleeding - call doctor, can go down quick!

<40,000: prolonged bleeding

<20,000: spontaneous bleeding

Front 9

PT Normal Values

Back 9

Prothrombin Time

Heparin: 11.0-13.0 seconds

Critical Value: >30 seconds

Front 10

Values:

WBCs, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Calcium, Chloride, Albumin

Back 10

WBCs: 4.3-10.3

Magnesium: 1.5-2.5 (too little muscles tight tachycardia seizure, too much muscles relaxed bradycardia respiratory arrest)

Phosphorus: 2.5-4.5 (too little muscles relaxed respiratory failure, too much muscles excited and involuntary contractions)

Calcium: 8.5-10.5 (cell signaling, blood clotting)

Chloride: 95.0-105

Albumin: 3.5-5.5 (if too low skin will not heal)

Hypoalbuminemia: <3.5

Front 11

Digoxin Therapeutic Range

Back 11

Therapeutic Level: 0.8-2 ng/mL

Toxic Level: >2 ng/mL

Hold if apical <60

Front 12

Seborrheic Keratosis

Back 12

Red/brown color, peel, torso

Front 13

Cherry Angioma

Back 13

Blood vessels underneath skin, harmless

Front 14

Dermatitis Papulosa Nigra

Back 14

Dark skinned, younger age as getting older

Front 15

Acrochordan

Back 15

Skin tags, hereditary, off epidermis

Front 16

Lentigines

Back 16

Age spots, liver spots

Front 17

Medication for mild-severe Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and moderate-advanced AD

Back 17

Mild-severe: Aricept/Donepezil

Moderate-advanced: Namenda/Memantine

Front 18

Anticholinergics

Back 18

Diphenhydramine- Benadryl

-Beers criteria- avoid in OA

-Dry mouth, confusion, urinary retention, constipation, delirium

Front 19

Antihypertensives

Back 19

1. Diuretics: Lasix, HCTZ, potassium sparing diuretics

2. Beta Blockers: ‘olol’, atenolol, metoprolol

3. Ace Inhibitors: ‘pril’, enalapril, captopril

4. Calcium Channel Blockers: ‘pine’, ‘pamil’, amlodipine, nifedipine, verapamil

Front 20

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Back 20

Medications for Alzheimer’s Disease: Aricept/Donepezil, Namenda/Memantine

S/E GI upset