Muscular System (Chapter 9)

Front 1

3 Types of muscle

Back 1

*Skeletal Muscle
*Smooth Muscle
*Cardiac Muscle

Front 2

An organ of the muscular system

Back 2

Skeletal Muscle

Front 3

Skeletal Muscles is composed of :...

Back 3

*Skeletal Muscle Tissue
*Nervous Tissue
*Blood
*Connective Tissue

Front 4

Sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encloses a muscle

Back 4

Fascia

Front 5

Cordlike mass of white fibrous connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone

Back 5

Tendon

Front 6

Sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone and fascia

Back 6

Aponeroses

Front 7

Layers of skeletal Muscle

Back 7

*Muscle surrounded by epimysium
*Fasicles surrounded by Perimysium
*Muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium
*Thick & thin filaments form myofibrils

Front 8

Parallel, threadlike structures play fundamental role in muscle contractions & consist of two types of protein filaments (Myosin & Actin)

Back 8

Myofibrils

Front 9

A THICK Protein, that with Actin; contracts and relaxes muscle fibers

Back 9

Myosin

Front 10

A THIN Protein in a muscle fibert that forms filaments that slide between filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle fibers

Back 10

Actin

Front 11

Structural and functional unit of a myofibril. Repeating pattern of units along each fiber.

Back 11

Sarcomeres

Front 12

Type of neurotransmitter which is a biochemical secreted at axon ends of many neruons. Transmits nerve impulses across synapses ach

Back 12

Acetylcholine

Front 13

Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine

Back 13

Acetylcholine Esterase

Front 14

Muscle biochemical that stores energy

Back 14

Creatine Phospate

Front 15

Pigmented compound in muscle tissue that stores oxygen

Back 15

Myoglobin

Front 16

Types of Muscle Contractions

Back 16

Isometric - Muscle contracts but does not change length

Isotonic - Muscle contracts and changes lenght.
*Concentric - shortening contraction
*Eccentric - Lengthening contraction

Front 17

ORIGIN of a muscle?

Back 17

End of a muscle that attaches to a relatively immovable part

Front 18

INSERTION of a muscle?

Back 18

End of a muscle attached to a movable part

Front 19

A muscle that opposes a prime mover.
Resist a prime movers action & cause movement in the opposit direction

Back 19

Antagonists

Front 20

A muscle that contracts and assists prime mover

Back 20

Synergists

Front 21

Muscle primarily responsible for producing an action.

Back 21

Agonist / Prime Mover

Front 22

Structure of Skeletal Muscle.
Organ System
*skeletal muscle tissue
*nervous tissue
*blood
*connective tissue
Bound together by?_______

Back 22

Fascia

Front 23

Z Lines & M Lines

Back 23

Hold thick filament in place in sacromere

Front 24

What structure stores and releases Ca2(Calcium) in muscle fibers?

Back 24

Sarcoplasmic Riticulum

Front 25

FAST-TWITCH Muscle Fibers

Back 25

*Designed for quick movements
*More Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in these fibers
*More likely to fatique
*Sometimes called white fiber

Front 26

SLOW-TWITCH Muscle Fibers

Back 26

*Designed for sustained movements
*More mitochondria & myoglobin
*better blood supply
*Less likely to fatique
*Fibers look redder (or darker) than fast muscle fibers

Front 27

Types of Smooth Muscle

Back 27

Visceral Smooth Muscle
Multiunit Smooth Muscle

Front 28

Steps of Muscle Contraction
Part 1

Back 28

*Muscle Impulses cause sacroplasmic reticulum to relase calscium ions into cytosol
*Calcium binds to troponin in Acton
*Tropomyosin is pulled aside (position altered)
*binding sites on actin are now exposed

Front 29

Steps in Muscle Contraction
Part 2

Back 29

Exposed binding sites on Actin molecules allow the muscle contraction cycle to occur.
*Cross bridges from Myosin bind to Actin
*Cross-bridges pull thin filament (power stroke) ADP & P released from Myosin beacuse it gets used.
*New ATP binds to Myosin, releasing linkages
*ATP splits which provides pwer to cock the myosin cross bridges.

Front 30

Muscle Relaxation

Back 30

Active transport of Ca2 into sarcoplasmic reticulum which requires ATP make Myosin binding sites unavailable.

Front 31

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 31

*Acetylcholine (Ach)
*Nerve impulse causes release of ACh from synaptic vesicles
*ACh binds to ACh receptors on motor end plate
*generates a muscle impulse
*muscle impulse eventually reaches sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cisternae

Front 32

Thick Filaments

Back 32

Composed of Myosin
Cross-bridges

Front 33

Thin Filaments

Back 33

Composed of Actin
Associated with troponin and tropomyosin

Front 34

Cardiac Muscle

Back 34

* Cells are branched and striated, each w/ one nucleus.
* Involuntary

Front 35

Smooth Muscle

Back 35

Visceral Muscle Tissue
*Cells are shorter and spindle shape
* Lack Striations
* Not under consious control

Front 36

External Oblique Muscle Tissue

Back 36

Broad, thin sheet of muscle whose fibers slant downward from lower ribs to pelvic girdle

Front 37

Gastronemius (Leg)

Back 37

Muscle on the back of the leg forms part of the calf

Front 38

Orbicularis Oculi (Facial)

Back 38

Muscle that encircles the eyes

Front 39

Orbicularis Oris (Facial)

Back 39

Muscle that encircles the mouth

Front 40

Sternocleidomastioid (Face/Neck)

Back 40

Attached to the sternum, clavicle and mastoid process

Front 41

Rectus Abdominis (Thigh)

Back 41

Long, straplike muscle that connects the pubic bones to the ribs and sternum

Front 42

Biceps Femoris (Leg/Thigh)

Back 42

Two heads, one attached to the Ischium and the other attached to the femur.
Passes along the back of the thigh

Front 43

Zygomaticulus (Facial)

Back 43

Extend from zygomatic arch downard to corner of the mouth

Front 44

Pectoralis Major (Thorax)

Back 44

Muscle of large size in the pectoral region (chest).

Front 45

Biceps Brachii (arm)

Back 45

Muscle w/ 2 heads (biceps) or points of origin in the brachium (arm)

Front 46

Gracilis (Thigh)

Back 46

Long, straplike muscle that passes from the pubic bone to the tibia.

Front 47

Triceps Brachii (arm)

Back 47

Muscle has 3 heads and is the only muscle on the back of the arm.

Front 48

Latissimus Dorsi (Back)

Back 48

Wide, triangular muscle that curves upward from the lower back, around the side and to the armpit

Front 49

Rhomboid (Shoulder)

Back 49

Connect the vertebral column to the scapula

Front 50

Deltoid (Shoulder)

Back 50

Triangular muscle that covers shoulder joint.
Connects clavicle & scapula to lateral side of humerus.

Front 51

Trapezius (Neck)

Back 51

Large, triangular muscle in upper back that extends horizontally from base of skull & cervical & thoracic vertebrae to the shoulder

Front 52

Gluteus Medius (Hip)

Back 52

Extends from ilium to the femur.
Partly covered by the gluteus maximus

Front 53

Gluteus Maximus (Hip)

Back 53

Largest muscle in the body.
Covers large part of each buttock.