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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the term given for rocks that have been slightly 'bended' from forces? |
The process of only bending a rock from forces is warping |
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What happens to rocks when forces are very strong and last for a long time? |
The rocks will 'fault and fold' and are unstable |
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Where do the compressional forces lie? |
The compressional forces responsible for rock folding is found along convergent plate boundaries |
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Where do fold mountains form? |
Fold mountains form along convergent plate boundaries that involves either: - 2 continental plates - one continental and one oceanic |
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How are the mountains created? |
The colliding of two plates folds and lifts up the deep layers of sedimentary rocks between the plates |
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What are the 4 types of folds? |
1. a symmetrical fold 2. an asymmetrical fold 3. an overfold fold 3. an overthrust fold |
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What does folding cause over time? |
Folding causes landforms over time |
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What occurs when folding has recently taken place? |
When folding has recently taken place: 1. Anticlines form ridges 2. Synclines form valleys |
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Where does erosion occur the fastest? |
Erosion occurs faster on anticlines where strata are stretched across the curve |
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What happens to the eroded material |
The eroded material is deposited in the synclinal valleys |
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What happens to anticlines over time? |
Anticlines are eventually lower than synclines |
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True or False: Some fold mountains are not along plate boundaries |
True |
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What are shields? |
Shields are very stable parts of the earths crust (there hasn't been movement for millions of yrs) |
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What are shield mountains called when they are abnormally lifted up? |
If a shield mountain lifts up, they are called a plateau |
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What is often found between shields and fold mountains? |
Lowlands are found, called basins |
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How old are; -Young mountains -Old mountains |
Young mountains are 10-25 million yrs old Old mountains are over 200 million yrs old |
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What results in too much pressure on rock layers? |
Too much pressure on rock layers will result in a fault line |
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What are the slope characteristics of; - Syncline rocks - Anticline rocks - Overthrust rocks |
- Syncline rock ridges slope away from one another - Anticline rock ridges slope toward each other - Overthrust rock ridges slope in the same direction |
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What three things can cause faults in rocks? |
Faults in rocks can be caused by: - tension - compression - lateral movement in the earths crust |
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What are and where does large scale faults exist? |
Large scale faults are faults that run 100's of km's. They occur along plate boundaries |
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True or False: Fault lines occur on stable parts of the earth's crust |
FALSE. Fault lines occur on UNSTABLE parts of the earth's crust |
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What are the three types of fault lines? |
1. Normal faults 2. Reverse faults 3. Tear faults |
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What is the characteristic (rubbing motion) of normal faults and what is the cause? |
Normal faults result from tension and stress. They move away while rubbing |
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What is the characteristic (rubbing motion) of reverse faults and what is the cause? |
Reverse faults results from compressive forces in crustal rocks. They move toward while rubbing |
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What is the characteristic of tear faults? |
Tear faults move past each other laterally (sideways) |
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True or False: Large scale faults do not run deep, they are only on the earth's surface |
FALSE. Large scale faults can run deep to reach the earth's mantle as well as running on the surface. |
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At what angle does lateral/transform faults run? |
Lateral/transform faults often run at right angles |
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How do block mountains form and what is another name for it? |
Block mountains form when the landscape rises between two parallel fault lines. It is also known as a horst. |
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What do normal and reverse faults result in? |
They result in a steep slope, known as a fault scarp |
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What can a series of faults give? |
A block mountain |
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How do mesas form? |
When sills form between bedding planes of horizontal sedimentary strata. Erosion after millions years form flat top hills |
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True or False: Mesas form buttes and buttes form conical hills |
TRUE. This occurs by the erosion of the flat top |
