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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beta oxidation |
The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl CoA for energy. |
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Bile salts |
Derivatives of cholesterol that aid in emulsifying and absorbing lipids. |
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Chylomicrons |
A combination of lipids and specialized proteins. |
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Cis-configuration |
Hydrogens of the carbon=carbon double bond (in an unsaturated fatty acid) are placed on the same side. |
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Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Excessive ketone body production results in the lowering of the blood pH. |
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Essential fatty acid |
Fatty acid that cannot be constructed by humans and needs to be supplemented by dietary sources. Most often they are polyunsaturated fatty acids with double bonds starting from the omega 3 carbon atom of the hydrocarbon chain |
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Fatty acids |
Fatty acidsLong chains of hydrocarbons with an acid group (COOH) that can be ionizable to COO- at a physiological pH |
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Glycolipids |
Lipids with a carbohydrate tethered by a glycosidic bond. |
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Glycoproteins |
Carbohydrates attached to a protein |
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Hydrophobic (Non-polar) |
Molecules that are water fearing and immiscible in water and other polar solvents. |
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Ketogenesis |
The process of formation of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA. |
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Ketone Bodies |
Acetone, Acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate; produced by the liver and transported in the blood stream to be used by the brain and other tissues as a source of energy |
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Ketone catabolism |
ketone bodies are converted to acetyl-CoA in the tissues where they enter the citric acid cycle, followed by entry into the electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
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Ketosis |
Reliance on fat for energy and the increase of beta-oxidation to produce acetyl-CoA |
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Monounsaturated fatty acid |
Unsaturated fatty acid with a single double bond |
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
A fatty acid with more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain |
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Saturated fatty acids |
Fatty acids with only single bonds between carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain |
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Trans-configuration |
Hydrogens of the carbon=carbon double bond (in an unsaturated fatty acid) are placed on the opposite sides of the double bond |
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Triglyceride (Triacylglycerol) |
Form of fat storage molecule which contains a glycerol backbone with three fatty acids |
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Unsaturated fatty acids |
Fatty acids with carbon carbon-carbon double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain |
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Identify A-F in the following diagram. |
A. alpha bond B. omega carbon C. alpha carbon D. omega bond E. beta bond F. beta carbon |
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How does insulin impact carbohydrate and lipid metabolism? |
Insulin acts in the fed-stated and will lead to an increase in glucose uptake, glycogen production, fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride synthesis. Insulin will decrease glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and triglyceride catabolism. |
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How does glucagon impact carbohydrate and lipid metabolism? |
Glucagon signals the body is in a fasting or starvation state. Glucagon will increase glycogen breakdown, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride catabolism, fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis. Glucagon will decrease glycogen production, fatty acid synthesis, and triglyceride synthesis. |
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How many acetylCoA are produced from 16 carbon fatty acid? |
8 acetylCoA Total number of Carbon atoms divided by 2 16/2 = 8 acetyl CoA |
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How many rounds of beta-oxidation will a 12 carbon fatty acid undergo? |
5 rounds Number of acetylCoA - 1 = number of rounds (12/2) = 6 acetyl CoA - 1 = 5 rounds |
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What features increase fluidity for a fatty acid? |
1.) Count the number of double bonds. The more double bonds = more fluidity. 2.) For fatty acids with same number of double bonds, count the carbon atoms. The fatty acid with the least number of carbon atoms = more fluid. |
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What are the features that allow you to identify a phospholipid? |
phosphate in the "head group", nitrogen atom near the phosphate and two fatty acid tails |
