Module 3 Study Guide // Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

A failure of the body to function normally

Back 1

Disease

Front 2

Invasion of the body by disease-producing microorganisms

Back 2

Pathogens

Front 3

Infection restricted to a small area

Back 3

Local Infection

Front 4

Infection that is widespread throughout the body

Back 4

Systemic Infection

Front 5

This means that the microorganism is present and growing but is not causing illness

Back 5

Colonization

Front 6

Single-celled organisms found everywhere

Back 6

Bacteria

Front 7

Microorganisms that harmoniously live in or on the human body

Back 7

Microbiota or Normal Flora

Front 8

Two clinically important characteristics of bacteria

Back 8

The presence of a cell wall and the ability to form spores

Front 9

Rickettsia and Chlamydia are classified as what?

Back 9

Bacteria

Front 10

The smallest of the infectionious agents are called...

Back 10

Viruses

Front 11

This plantlike organism grows in damp and dark places.

Back 11

Fungus

Front 12

Myotic infections are caused by...

Back 12

Pathogenetic Fungi

Front 13

Single-celled, animal-like microbes are called...

Back 13

Protozoa

Front 14

What are the four types of Protozoa?

Back 14

Amebas, Ciliates, Flagellates, and Sporozoa

Front 15

These parasitic worms are multicellular, parasitic, and pathogenic to human beings

Back 15

Helminths

Front 16

An object, living or nonliving, that transfers a pathogen from one organism to another

Back 16

Vector

Front 17

Cocci, Bacillus, and Curved Rods are all groups of _____

Back 17

Bacteria

Front 18

Cocci are shaped like...

Back 18

Spheres

Front 19

Bacilli are shaped like...

Back 19

Rods

Front 20

Define Nosocomial Infection

Back 20

A hospital-acquired infection

Front 21

Athletes Foot and Ringworm are examples of...

Back 21

Myotic Infection

Front 22

A yeastlike fungus that normally inhabits the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina

Back 22

Candida Albicans

Front 23

Define the Portals of Entry

Back 23

Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Eye, Skin, and Parenteral Route

Front 24

Define Portals of Exit

Back 24

Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Skin, Eyes, Breast

Front 25

The skin is referred to as...

Back 25

The integument or Cutaneous membrane

Front 26

The skin has two distinct layers, which are...

Back 26

Epidermis, the surface layer, and Dermis, the inner layer

Front 27

This lies on top of the dermis and has access to a rich supply of blood

Back 27

Stratum Germinativum

Front 28

This tough protein hardens and flattens the cells as they move toward the surface of the skin

Back 28

Keratin

Front 29

This surface layer of the epidermis is composed of about 30 layers of dead keratinized cells

Back 29

Stratum Corneum

Front 30

Define Radiation

Back 30

Heat is lost from a warm object to the cooler air surrounding the warm object

Front 31

Define Conduction

Back 31

Loss of heat by cool air currents moving over the surface of the skin

Front 32

Define Convection

Back 32

Loss of heat by cool air currents moving over the surface of the skin

Front 33

Define Evaporation

Back 33

Process whereby a liquid turns into a gas in response to temperature

Front 34

Define the chief parts of hair

Back 34

Shaft, which is above the surface of the skin. Root, which extends from the dermis to the surface. Follicle, formed by the downward extension of epidermal cells.

Front 35

Define the 3 layers of the skin, from the surface layer to the deepest layer

Back 35

Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous Layer

Front 36

This layer of skin stretches during pregnancy and weight gain

Back 36

Dermis

Front 37

This layer of skin is avascular

Back 37

Epidermis

Front 38

This layer of skin helps insulate the body from extreme temperature changes and anchors the skin to underlying structures

Back 38

Subcutaneous

Front 39

Why is the Hypothalamus important?

Back 39

It is the thermostat of the body. It senses changes in body temperature and sends information to the skin and skeletal muscle.

Front 40

Why are melanocytes important?

Back 40

Melanocytes secrete melanin. Melanin determines hair color and becomes less abundant with aging.

Front 41

This type of perspiration refers to the activity of eccrine glands on a hot day

Back 41

Sensible Perspiration

Front 42

Insensible Perspiration is defined as...

Back 42

Insensible water loss

Front 43

The regulation of body temperature is called...

Back 43

Thermoregulation

Front 44

These glands are associated with oil, hair follicles, and are found in all areas of the body that have hair

Back 44

Sebaceous Glands

Front 45

These glands are located in the dermis and secrete sweat

Back 45

Sudoriferous Glands

Front 46

These glands are associated with hair follicles and are found in axillary and genital areas

Back 46

Apocrine Glands

Front 47

These glands are found in the external auditory canal of the ear

Back 47

Cereminous Glands

Front 48

The outermost layer of the eye is called the...

Back 48

Sclera

Front 49

This layer of the eye is made of tough fibrous connective Tissue that covers most of the eyeball

Back 49

Sclera

Front 50

A transparent extension of the sclera is called the...

Back 50

Cornea

Front 51

This avascular extension of the sclera covers the area over the iris

Back 51

Cornea

Front 52

The middle layer of the eye is called...

Back 52

Choroid

Front 53

Define the two functions of the Choroid

Back 53

Provides the retina with a rich supply of blood and absorbs excess light to prevent glare

Front 54

The innermost layer of the eye is called...

Back 54

Retina

Front 55

What are the two types of photoreceptors?

Back 55

Rods and Cones

Front 56

This area of the eye is also referred to as the blind spot

Back 56

Optic Disc

Front 57

This cavity is located between the lens and the cornea and is filled with the water fluid known as Aqueous Humor

Back 57

Anterior Cavity

Front 58

What part of the nervous system and brain has today do with vision?

Back 58

Visual Cortex

Front 59

Name the Visual Accessory Organs

Back 59

Eyebrows, Eyelids, Conjuctiva, Eyelashes, Lacrimal Apparatus, and Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Front 60

Eyelids are also called

Back 60

Palpebrae

Front 61

External Auditory Canal serves what purpose?

Back 61

This passageway allows sound waves to enter the ear. The External Auditory Canal is located in the External ear.

Front 62

This membrane is composed primarily of connective tissue and has a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

Back 62

Tympanic Membrane

Front 63

The three bones of the middle ear are...

Back 63

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Front 64

This passageway connects to the pharynx, or throat

Back 64

Eustachian Tube

Front 65

The Membranous Labyrinth is surrounded by perilymyph and is itself filled with a thick fluid called...

Back 65

Endolymph

Front 66

Name the 3 parts of the Inner Ear

Back 66

Vestibule, Semicircular, and Cochlea

Front 67

Is the Cochlea concerned with Hearing or Equilibrium?

Back 67

Hearing

Front 68

Are the Vestibule and Semicircular Canals concerned with Hearing or Equilibrium?

Back 68

Equilibrium

Front 69

Does a rod or a cone produce black and white imagery?

Back 69

Rod

Front 70

Does a rod or a cone produce colored imagery?

Back 70

Cone

Front 71

The pathway from the retina to the brain is called...

Back 71

Visual Pathway