Module 3 Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

Epidermis

Back 1

The outer portion of the skin, formed by epithelial tissue that is attached to the dermis

Front 2

Dermis

Back 2

Dense irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin

Front 3

Hypodermis

Back 3

Loose connective tissue underneath the dermis that connects the dermis to muscle or bone

Front 4

Hemopoiesis

Back 4

The process of manufacturing blood cells

Front 5

Compact Bone

Back 5

Dense bone matrix organized into microscopic tubes of bone called osteons

Front 6

Cancellous Bone

Back 6

Networks of bone with many marrow-filled spaces surrounding the bone matrix

Front 7

Ossification

Back 7

Bone formation

Front 8

Articular Cartilage

Back 8

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of a bone in a joint

Front 9

Axial Skeleton

Back 9

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

Front 10

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 10

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Front 11

Suture

Back 11

An immovable joint between the flat bones of the skull

Front 12

Process

Back 12

A projection on a bone

Front 13

Meatus

Back 13

A passageway

Front 14

Foramen

Back 14

A hole

Front 15

Sinus

Back 15

A hollowed out space in a bone

Front 16

What are the two layers of the skin?

Back 16

The dermis and the epidermis

Front 17

Which layer of the skin contains keratinized cells?

Back 17

The epidermis

Front 18

Which layer of the skin contains papillae?

Back 18

The dermis

Front 19

How do dermal papillae help the epidermal cells?

Back 19

The dermal papillae increase the number of blood vessels exposed to the epidermis, giving the epidermis a healthy supply of blood and nutrients

Front 20

Why do some cuts heal quickly with little scarring while other cuts of similar size and depth heal more slowly with more scarring?

Back 20

When a cut in the skin is parallel to the lines of cleavage, there is not a lot of stress on the wound. As a result, it does not tend to be pulled open, and it heals with little or no scarring. When a cut in the skin goes across the lines of cleavage, though, many collagen fibers are cut, increasing the stress pulling the wound open. This slows down the healing process and often results in a noticeable scar

Front 21

How does the hair follicle or sweat gland help heal bad burns?

Back 21

The hair follicle contains epithelial tissue. If the epidermis is destroyed in a second-degree burn, the epithelial cells in the hair follicle can undergo mitosis and make more epidermis.

Front 22

What kind of tissue is always present in the hypodermis?

Back 22

Loose connective tissue

Front 23

What kind of tissue is often, but not always, present in the hypodermis?

Back 23

Adipose tissue

Front 24

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

Back 24

To secrete oil called sebum, which softens and conditions skin

Front 25

What is the function of sweat glands?

Back 25

To cool down the body by producing sweat

Front 26

List the five layers of the epidermis, starting at the bottom and working up to the top.

Back 26

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Front 27

In what layers of the epidermis are the cells still alive?

Back 27

In the stratum basale and stratum spinosum

Front 28

What are melanocytes, and what do they do to the skin?

Back 28

Melanocytes are cells near the stratum basale that produce a class of pigments known as melanin. Melanin influences the skin's color and protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation from the sun

Front 29

What are the three sections of the hair?

Back 29

The medulla, cortex, and cuticle

Front 30

Which section contains cells with soft keratin?

Back 30

The medulla

Front 31

Which sections contain cells with hard keratin?

Back 31

The cortex and the cuticle

Front 32

What is the hair matrix?

Back 32

A mass of undifferentiated cells.

Front 33

Identify the structures pointed out in the skin cross section below (see book for diagram):

Back 33

a. hairs

b. sweat pore

c. epidermis

d. dermis

e. hypodermis

f. adipose tissue

g. nerves

h. sweat gland

i. sweat duct

j. hair follicle

k. sebaceous gland

l. blood vessel in a dermal papilla

m. arrector pili muscle

Front 34

Classify sweat glands as apocrine, merocrine, or holocrine.

Back 34

Merocrine

Front 35

Classify sebaceous glands as apocrine, merocrine, or holocrine.

Back 35

Holocrine

Front 36

Classify the following bones as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid.

a. ribs

b. metatarsals

c. carpals

d. patella

e. coxa

Back 36

a. ribs--flat bones

b. metatarsals--long bones

c. carpals--short bones

d. patella--sesamoid bone

e. coxa--irregular bone

Front 37

Where is the bone marrow found in a long bone?

Back 37

In the cavity that runs down the center of the diaphysis (the medullary cavity)

Front 38

What are the five functions of the skeletal system?

Back 38

Support, protection, movement, storage, and hemopoiesis

Front 39

Label the bones or other structures in the figure below (see book for diagram):

Back 39

a. Skull

b. Mandible

c. Thoracic cage

d. Ulna

e. Radius

f. Carpals

g. Metacarpals

h. Phalanges

i. Femur

j. Patella

k. Tibia

l. Fibula

m. Tarsals

n. Metatarsals

o. Phalanges

p. Coxa

q. Sacrum

r. Humerus

s. Costal cartilage

t. Ribs

u. Sternum

v. Clavicle

w. Cervicle Vertebrae

x. Thoracic vertebrae

y. Lumber vertebrae

z. Pectoral girdle

aa. Scapula

bb. Pelvic girdle

Front 40

Label the bones in the figure below (see book for diagram):

Back 40

a. Frontal bone

b. Ethmoid bone

c. Lacrimal bone

d. Zygomatic bone

e. Vomer

f. Maxilla

g. Mandible

h. Parietal bone

i. Temporal bone

j. Occipital bone

k. Sphenoid bone

l. Nasal bone