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400 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Bacteria

one-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics

Parasite

a type of pathogenic bacteria

Saprophytes

a type of bacteria that lives on dead matter

Spirilla

syphilis and Lyme disease are caused by

Cocci

- round shape


- rarely show active mobility

Spirilla

- corkscrew shape


- capable of movement

Bacilli

- rod shaped


- capable of movement

Streptococci

bacteria that are arranged like a string of beads and cause strep throat and blood poisoning

Mycobacterium fortuitum

the bacteria that caused concern in 2000 in the pedicure industry

Flagella

slender, hair-like extensions with which certain bacteria move about

Mitosis

bacteria cells reproduce by dividing into two new cells

Spores

during their inactive stage, certain bacteria such as anthrax and tetanus bacilli, form _______.

Fungi

molds, mildews, and yeast

Staphylococci

pus forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes

Diplococci

grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia

Binary fission

occurs when bacteria reach their largest size, and divide into two new cells called daughter cells.

Tinea barbae

a fungal infection also known as barber's itch

Tinea capitis

a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or sports, at the opening of hair follicles

Tinea pedis

a ringworm fungus of the foot

Communicable

transmitted from one person to another

Hepatitis

a disease marked by inflammation of the liver

Acquired Immune Defeciency Syndrome (AIDS)

breaks down the body's immune system

Virus

a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism

Parasites

organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (host) while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism (ex. head lice)

Scabies

a contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin

Decontamination

removing pathogens and other substances fro tools or surfaces

Contaminated

surface of tools or other objects that are not free form dirt, oil, and microbes

Once a day

The solution used in a wet sanitizer should be changed...

Ultraviolet (UV) sanitizers

useful for storing disinfected implements

Sanitation

the third or lowest level of decontamination (washing hands)

Twenty seconds

the minimum amount of time for washing hands

Nonporous surfaces

surfaces that may be disinfected

Sodium hypochlorite

technical name for bleach

Formalin

a product that is not considered safe for salon use because it causes a number of health problems

After each client

how often foot spas should be disinfected

Every two weeks

how often foot spas should be filled with a disinfectant and left over night

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QUATS)

effectively disinfects implements in ten minutes

Phenolic disinfectants

- form of formaldehyde


- high pH


- can damage plastics, rubber, and rust metals

Sterilization

the only level of decontamination that kills bacterial spores

OSHA

created to regulate and enforce safety and health standards

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

important information for products such as storage requirements

Universal precautions

the guidelines and controls that require employer and employee to assume that all human blood and fluids are infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens

Exposure Incident

1. Stop the service


2. Put on gloves


3. Stop bleeding by applying pressure


4. Clean the injured area with an antiseptic


5. Bandage the cut


6. Clean work area using disinfectant
7. Discard all single-use contaminated objects by double bagging


8. Before removing gloves, make sure all multiuse tools are immersed in disinfectant


9. Remove gloves. Seal in double bag. Wash hands.


10. Recommend the client see a physician if any signs of swelling, pain, or irritation occurs

Physiology

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures

Anatomy

the study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Histology

the science of the minute structures of organic tissues

Cell

basic unit of all living things

Protoplasm

a colorless jellylike substance containing food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, an water

Cytoplasm

the protoplasm of a cell except that which is in the nucleus

Cell membrane

a structure that encloses the protoplasm

Nucleus

the dense protoplasm found in the center of the cell

Anabolism

constructive metabolism in which molecules are built from smaller ones

Catabolism

the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds are broken down into smaller ones

Metabolism

is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms, through which cell are nourished and carry out their activities

60 to 90 percent

Body tissues are composed of ______ percent water

Connective tissue

fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body

Adipose tissue

technical term for fat

Epithelial tissue

a protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

Muscle tissue

contracts and moves various parts of the body

Nerve tissue

carries messages to and from the brin

206 bones

the skeletal system is composed of _____

Osteology

the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of bones

Joint

the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton; they are either movable or nonmovable

Cranium

an oval, bony case that protects the brain

Facial skeleton

the framework of the face that is composed of 14 bones

Occipital bone

the hindmost bone, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape

Parietal bones

form the sides and top of the cranium

Temporal bones

form the sides of the head in the ear region

Ethmoid bone

light, spongy bone between the eye sockets; forms part of the nasal cavities

Sphenoid bone

joins all of the bones in the cranium together

Ethmoid and sphenoid bone

not affected when performing services of massage

Nasal bones

form the bridge of the nose

Lacrimal bones

small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits

Zygomatic bones

aka malar or cheek bones; form the prominence of the cheeks

Maxillae

bones of the upper jaw

Mandible

lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face

Hyoid bone

u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles

Cervical vertebrae

the seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column located in the neck region

Thorax

chest or pulmonary trunk, consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

Ribs

the twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

Scapula

the shoulder blade, or large,flat, triangular bone of the shoulder

Sternum

the breastbone, or the flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

Clavicle

the collarbone, or the bone that joins the sternum and scapula

Humerus

the uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending form the elbow to the shoulder

Ulna

the inner and larger bone in the forearm, located on the side of the little finger.

Radius

the smaller bone in the forearm on the side of the thumb

Carpus

the wrist, composed of a group of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments

Metacarpus

the bones of the palm of the hand, containing five bones between the carpus and phalanges

Phalanges

or digits; the bones of the fingers or toes

Femur

the heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee

Tibia

the larger of the two bones that form the leg below the knee (the bump on the big toe side of the ankle)

Fibula

the smaller of the two bones that form the leg below the knee (the bump on the little toe side of the ankle)

Patella

the accessory bone or kneecap

Talus

ankle bone

26 bones

the foot is made up of

Metatarsal

long, slender bones similar to the metacarpal of the hand

Myology

the study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles

40 percent

Muscles make up about _____ of the body's weight

Striated muscles

attached to bones and are voluntary or consciously controlled

Nonstriated muscles

involuntary muscles that function automatically without conscious will; found in internal organs

Cardiac muscles

involuntary muscles of the heart

Origin

the part of the muscle that does not move and is closest to the skeleton

Belly

the middle part of the mscle

Insertion

the part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton

insertion to originl

Pressure in massage is usually directed from

Epicranius

muscle that covers the top of the skull

Occipitalis

back portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backwards

Frontalis

front portion of the epicranius; muscle that raises the scalp backwards

Epicranial aponeurosis

the tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

auricularis superior

muscle above the ear that draws it upwards

auricularis anterior

muscle in front of the ear that draws it forward

auricularis posterior

muscle behind the ear that draws it backward

masseter and temporalis

chewing muscles

buccinators muscle

thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw; expels air between the lips

depressor labii inferioris muscle

the muscle surrounding the lower lip; lowers the lip and draws it to one side

Levator anguli oris muscle

raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inwards

levator labii superioris muscle

surrounds the upper lip and dilates the ostrils

mentalis muscle

elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

Orbicularis oris muscle

flat band of muscle around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

risorius muscle

draws the corner of the mouth out and back

triangularis muscle

pulls down the corner of the mouth

zygomaticus major & minor muscles

smiling

orbicularis oculi muscle

ring muscle around the eyesockets; closes eyes

corrugator muscle

the muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

Procerus muscle

covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

Extensors

straighten the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

Flexor

the muscle of the wrist

Pronator

muscle that turns the hand inward

Supinator

muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

Adbductors

draw the fingers away from each other

Adductors

the muscles that draw the fingers together

Extensor digitorum longus

bends the foot up and extends the toes

Extensor halluces longus

extends the big toe and flexes the foot

Tibialis anterior

covers the front of the shin; bends the foot upward and inward

Peroneus longus

covers the outer side of the calf and inverts the foot and turns it outward

Peroneus brevis

originates on the lower surface of the fibular and bends the foot down and out

Gastrocnemius

attached to the lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down

Soleus

originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

Latissimus dorsi

large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

muscles of the chest that assist swinging movements of the arm

Serratus anterior

muscles of the chest that assists in breathing and raising the arm

Trapezius

the muscle that covers the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back

Bicep

the muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm

Deltoid

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint

Tricep

large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm

Circulatory system

controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

Blood vascular system

consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries

Lymph ascular system

consists of the lymph, lymphatics, lymph nodes, and other structures

Lymph

carries waste and impurities away from the cells

Four valves

The interior of the heart contains four chambers and ______________.

72-80 bpm

The normal heartbeat rate in a resting state is _______.

Arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from heart to capillaries

Capillaries

connect smaller arteries to the veins; bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials

Veins

carry blood containing waste products from capillaries back to the heart

8 to 10

the number of pints of blood in the human body

80 percent

Blood is about ____ percent water

Red blood cells

carry oxygen to the body cells

White blood cells

destroy disease-causing germs

Platelets

contribute to the blood clotting process

Plasma

carries food and secretions to the cells and carries carbon dioxide away from the cells

Common carotid arteries

main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck

Internal and external jugular

two principal veins on each side of the neck

Aorta

largest artery in the body

Hemoglobin

the iron protein that gives blood its bright red color

Endocrine system

comprises of glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body

Glands

specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood and convert them into new compounds

Hormones

insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen

Excretory system

purifies the body by eliminating waste matter

Diaphragm

muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region

Integumentary system

consists of the skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails

Primary function of the nervous system

coordinating all the many activities that are performed both inside and outside of the body

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

principle components of the nervous system

Central nervous or cerebrospinal system, the peripheral nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system

Three main subdivisions of the nervous system

Central nervous system

spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

Autonomic nervous system

controls the involuntary muscles, such as the glands, blood vessels, and heart

Peripheral nervous system

carries impulses, or messages, to and from the central nervous system

Brain

the largest and most complex nerve tissue in the body

Neuron

nerve cell

Dendrites

nerve fibers that receive impulses from the other neurons

Axon

sends impulses away form the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles

Motor or efferent nerves

carry impulses from the brain to the muscles

Sensory or afferent nerves

carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain

Fifth cranial nerve

trifacial or trigeminal nerve

Smaller occipital nerve

affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear

Greater auricular nerve

affects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland

Greater occipital

affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head

Cervical cutaneous

affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone

COHNS

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur

Oxidation

chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

Oxidation-reduction

or redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

Reduction

chemical process by which oxygen is subtracted form or hydrogen is added to a substance

Exothermic reaction

occurs when heat is released

Pure substance

a chemical combination of matter in definite or fixed proportions

Physical combination

a mixture of matter in any proportion

Solution

a blend of two or more liquids or a solid dissolved in a liquid

Solute

the dissolved substance in a solutionS

Solvent

the substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution with no change in chemical composition

Miscible liquids

mutually soluble

Immiscible liquids

not capable of being mixd

Suspension

solid particles distributed in a liquid medium, tending to separate over time

Emulsion

a mixture of two or more immiscible substances

Emulsifier

an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together

Hydrophilic

water loving; head

Lipophilic

oil loving; tail

Ion

an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Anion

negative

Cation

positive

Carbon

organic chemistry studies substances that contain _____

90

There are about ____ naturally occurring eleents

6.5 to 7.5

neutral pH range

Direct current

a constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction

Alternating current

a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then the opposite

Volt

pressure or force

Ohm

resistance of an electric current

Amp

strength of an electric current

Watt

how much energy is being used per second

Fuse

prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit

Circuit breaker

automatically interrupts an electric circuit at the first indication of overload

Electrotherapy

electronic facial treatments

Modalities

various currents used in facial and scalp traetments

Polarity

negative or positive pole of an electric currentAnode

Anode

positive

Cathode

negative

Desincrustation

softens and emulsifies grease deposits and blackheads in the hair follicle (acne, milia, and comedones)

Cataphoresis

forces acidic substances into deeper tissues from the positive toward the negative pole

Iontophorresis

introduces water soluble products into the skin

Anaphoresis

forces liquids into tissues from the negative toward the positive pole

Tesla high-frequency current

a thermal or heat-producing current (aka violet ray)

Wavelength

the distance between the peaks of two successive waves of electromagnetic radiation

35 percent

Visible light makes up ____ of natural sunlight

Violet

shortest wavelength

Red

longest wavelength

Vitamin D

natural sunlight produces _______

Hair follicle

tube-like depression in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root

Hair bulb

thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root

Dermal papilla

small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle; provides nutrients

Arrector pili

involuntary muscle fiber in the skin; responsible for goose bumps

Sebaceous glands

oil glands that are connected to the hair follicles

Sebum

an oily substance which lubricates the hair and skin

Cuticle

outermost layer of hair; single layer of transparent, scale-like cells that overlap

Cortex

middle layer of hair; fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells; contains melanin pigment

Medulla

innermost layer of hair; composed of round cells

Keratinization

the process during which newly formed cells in the hair mature

90 percent

Hair is _______ protein.

Amino acids

units of structure that build proteins

Peptide bonds or end bonds

chemical bonds that link two amino acids

Polypeptide chain

a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; helix shaped

Hydrogen bonds

physical side bonds that are easily broken by water or heat

Salt bonds

weak, temporary cross-links that can be broken by changes in pH

Disulfide bonds

chemical bonds that join the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids; only broken by permanent waves

Eumelanin

brown/black color

Pheomelanin

yellow/red color

Vellus (lanugo) hair

short, fine, downy, and unpigmented hair found on areas of the body considered to be hairless

Terminal hair

long, thick, pigmented hair

Anagen

growing phase

Catagen

transition phase

Telogen

resting phase

Androgenetic alopecia

the progressive shrinking or miniaturization of terminal hair, converting it to vellus hair. Known as male pattern baldness in men.

Alopecia areata

sudden hair loss in round or irregular patches

Canities

gray hair

Ringed hair

alternating bands of gray and dark hair

Hypertrichosis (hirsuties)

superfluous hair; characterized by growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally only grow vellus hair

Trichoptilosis

split ends

Trichorrhexis nodosa

formation of nodular swellings along the shaft

Monilethrix

beaded hair

Fragilitas crinium

brittle hair

Pityriasis

dandruff

Pityriasis capitis simplex

characterized by a dry, itchy scalp and small white scales; caused by a fungus called malassezia

Pityriasis steatoides

greasy or waxy dandruff

Tinea

ringworm

Tinea favosa

dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula; gives off an odor

Furuncle

boil; an acute staphylococci infection of a hair follicle that produces constant pain

Carbuncle

an inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci, larger than a furuncle

Hair texture

thickness or diameter of the individual hair strands (coarse, medium, fine)

Hair density

the number of strands within one square inch

Porosity

ability of the hair to absorb moisture

Elasticity

ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking

Hair stream

hair flowing in the same direction

Whorl

hair forms in a circular pattern

Cowlick

a tuft of hair that stands straight up

Line/direction

defines form and space

Horizontal lines

create width

Vertical lines

create length and height

Diagonal lines

emphasize or minimize facial features or create interest

Curved lines

soften a design

Wave

curved lines repeating in opposite directions

Form

mass or general outline of a hairstyle (volume)

Space

the area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies

Texture

refers to wave patterns

Smooth wave patterns

accent the face or narrow a round head shape

Curly wave patterns

take attention away from the face or soften square/rectangular features

Light and warm colors

create the illusion of volume

Dark and cool colors

recede or move in toward the head

Balance

establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry

Rhythm

a regular or recurrent pattern of movement in a design

Emphasis

or focus; what draws the eye first

Harmony

the creation of unity in a design; holds all the elements of the design together

Round face

height or volume on top and closeness or no volume at the sides

Square face

create volume in the area between the temples and jaw

Triangular face

volume at the temples and some height on top

Oblong face

add volume on sides; no height on top

Base sections

subsections of a panel based on size of the roller

Croquignole method

hair is wrapped from ends to scalp

Spiral technique

hair is wrapped at an angle to form a coil

Alkaline solutions

soften and swell the hair and open the cuticle

Reduction

breaks disulfide bonds in the cortex

Thioglycolic acid

causes reduction in perm solutions

Ammonium thioglycolate (ATG)

the main ingredient in alkaline perms

Alkaline waves

pH between 9.0 and 9.6

True acid waves

pH of 4.5 to 7.0 (requires heat)

Acid-balanced waves

pH of 7.8 to 8.2

Exothermic waves

a chemical reaction heats the solution and speeds processing

Endothermic waves

activated by outside heat source

Neutralization

stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form

Thio relaxers

main ingredient is ammonium thioglycolate (ATG); usually has a pH above 10

Hydroxide relaxers

ex. sodium, potassium, lithium, or guanidine hydroxide; has a pH of 13.0 or more, lanthionization (a sulfur atom is removed from a disulfide bond and converted into a lanthionine bond)

Sodium hydroxide relaxers

lye-based; oldest and most common

Lithium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide relaxers

no-mix, no-lye relaxers

Law of color

a system for understanding color relationships; when combining colors, you will always get the same result from the same combination

Temporary color

easily shampoos form the hair; does not penetrate cuticle layer

Semipermanent color

adds subtle color; tones prelightened hair; stains cuticle layer; non-oxidizing

Demipermanent color

blends gray hair; enhances natural color; tones hair; refreshes faded color; filler in color correction

Permanent color

changes existing color; covers gray

Gradual haircolor

or metallic; contains metal salts that change the hair color gradually

Natural haircolor

or vegetable/henna; made from leaves or bark; weak results

Hydrogen peroxide developers

oxidizing agents or catalysts; pH between 2.5 and 4.5

Epidermis

or cuticle skin; outermost layer; the thinnest, forms protective covering, contains no blood vessels, and has nerve endings

Dermis

or derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; inner layer of the skin

Stratum corneum

horny, outermost layer

Stratum lucidum

clear, transparent layer

Stratum granulosum

granular layer

Stratum spinosum

Spiny layer

Stratum germinativum

basal cell layer; deepest layer; contains melanin

Papillary layer

outer layer; contains small cone-shaped projections (papillae) and nerve fiber endings

Reticular layer

supplies skin with oxygen and nutrients

Subcutaneous tissue

or adipose tissue; gives contour to the body and contains fats for energy

Collagen

a fibrous protein that allows skin to stretch and contract

Elastin

a protein base that forms elastic tissue

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

regulates body temperature and helps eliminate waste

Sebaceous (oil) glands

secretes sebum that lubricates skin and preserves softness of hair

Healthy

Skin that is slightly moist, soft, flexible, smooth, and slightly acidic

Bulla

blister containing watery fluid

Cyst

closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid or pus

Macule

small, discolored spot or patch such as freckles that are neither raised or sunken

Nodule

a solid bump larger than .4 inches that can be easily felt

Papule

or pimple; elevation of the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus

Pustule

raised, inflamed pimple

Tubercle

abnormal rounded, solid lump

Tumor

abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells

Vesicle

small blister with clear fluid

Wheal

an itchy, swollen lesion (hives)

crust

dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing (scab)

Excoriation

skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

Fissure

a crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis (chapped lips)

Keloid

a thick scar from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

Scale

a thin plate of epidermal flakes

Scar or cicatrix

a light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin

Ulcer

an open lesion with pus

Milia

benign, keratin-filled cysts

Seborrheic dermatitis

the inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Rosacea

chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks and nose

Anhidrosis

lack of perspiration

Bromidrosis or Osmidrosis

foul-smelling perspiration

Hyperhidrosis

excessive perspiration

Conjuctivitis

pink eye

Dermatitis

an inflammatory skin condition

Eczema

acute, chronic lesions (dry or moist)

Impetigo

weeping lesions

Psoriasis

common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease

Albinism

the absence of melanin pigment

Chloasma

increased pigment in spots

Lentigines

freckles

Leucoderma

light, abnormal patches

Basal cell carcinoma

the most common type of skin cancer and the least severe; characterized by light or pearly nodules

Squamous cell carcinoma

characterized by scaly red papules or nodules (skin cancer)

Malignant melanoma

the most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches

Intrinsic skin aging factors

genetic aging, gravity, and facial expressions

Gommages

cream products that are rubbed off, removing dead skin cells through friction

Onyx

technical term for nails

1/10 of an inch

average growth of a nail per month

Eggshell nails

noticeably thin, white plate and are more flexible than normal

Beau's lines

furrows or depressions that run across the width of the nail

Hangnail

a condition in which the living skin splits around the nail

Leukonychia

white spots; whitish discoloration of nails, usually caused by injury to the base of nail or nail matrix

Melanonychia

indicated by darkening of nails; caused by localized area of increased pigment cells

Onychophagy

bitten nails

Onychorrhexis

split or brittle nails with lengthwise ridges; caused by injury to matrix

Plicatured nail

a highly curved nail plate; caused by injury or heredity

Nail pterygium

abnormal damage to the eponychium or hyponychium that occur when skin is stretched by the nail plate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

bacterial infections that cause discoloration of the nail

yellow-green

nail infections start out as ________ spots

Onychosis

any deformity or disease of the nail

Onychia

inflammation of the nail matrix with formation of pus and shedding of the nail

Onychocryptosis

ingrown nails

Onycholysis

lifting of the nail plate without shedding

Onychomadesis

separation and falling off of a nail from the nail bed

Nail psoriasis

causes tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate

Paronychia

bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail

Pyogenic granuloma

severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate