Microbiology Lecture

Front 1

Pure or stock culture

Back 1

A single bacterial species isolated from a mixed culture

Front 2

Streak-plate technique

Back 2

A technique used to isolate a specific bacterial culture on an agar plate by turning the plate 90 degrees and zigzagging along the agar medium.

Front 3

Serratia Marcescens

Back 3

A species of microorganism that has a red pigmentation

Front 4

Micrococcus Luteus

Back 4

A specific species of microorganism that will show yellow colonies

Front 5

Escherichia Coli (E.Coli)

Back 5

A specific microorganism that will show as white colonies

Front 6

Obligate Thermophiles

Back 6

Microbial organisms that can function optimally in the 50-60 centigrade environments

Front 7

Facultative Thermophiles

Back 7

Microbial organisms that can survive optimally in environments between 45-50 degrees centigrade

Front 8

Plant Saprophytes

Back 8

A group of mesophile microbial organisms that function optimally between the 35-40 degrees centigrade

Front 9

Three types of temperature microbial groups

Back 9

Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, and Thermophiles

Front 10

Psychrophiles

Back 10

Microbial species that grow optimally between temperature ranges of -5 - 20 degrees centigrade

Front 11

Normal human body temperature

Back 11

37 degrees centigrade

Front 12

Enteric Bacteria

Back 12

Bacteria that survive in the digestive system

Front 13

Zwitterions

Back 13

Amino acids that replaced a hydrogen on the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid to the amino group on the other side.

Front 14

Coccus

Back 14

Microbe shape that resembles a sphere

Front 15

Bacillus

Back 15

Microbe shape that resembles a pill

Front 16

Vibrio

Back 16

Microbe shape that resembles a curved rod

Front 17

Coccobacillus

Back 17

Microbe shape that resembles an oval or elongated circle

Front 18

Spirochetes

Back 18

Microbe shape that resembles a corkscrew

Front 19

Spirillum

Back 19

Microbe shape that resembles a wavy line

Front 20

Pleomorphic

Back 20

A microbe that can change shape depending on environmental factors

Front 21

Diplococcus

Back 21

A coccus shaped microbe that divides once along one axis

Front 22

Streptococcus

Back 22

A coccus shaped microbe that divides many times along one axis

Front 23

Tetrad

Back 23

A coccus shaped microbe that divides along two axis to form 4 identical cells

Front 24

Sarcinae

Back 24

A coccus shaped microbe that divides along 3 axes which results in 8 daughter cells

Front 25

Staphylococci

Back 25

A coccus shaped microbe that divides along all axes to form a grape like resulting structure

Front 26

Streptobacillus

Back 26

Bacillus shaped microbes that divide multiple times along one axis

Front 27

Diplobacillus

Back 27

A bacillus shaped microbe that divides one time about one axis

Front 28

Rosette

Back 28

A microbe that divides using appendages that bloom like a flower

Front 29

Inclusions

Back 29

General structures in a prokaryotic cell such as granules, vacuoles, or vesicles

Front 30

Pili

Back 30

Small fimbriae appendages on the prokaryotic cell that are used for adhesion to surfaces

Front 31

Plasmids

Back 31

Extra DNA found in the colloid cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell that is used to improve the quality of the cell, but is not necessary for survival

Front 32

Bacterial Capsule

Back 32

The outermost layer of the prokaryotic cell used for adhesion to surfaces

Front 33

Gram positive bacteria

Back 33

Bacteria with abundant and thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan that absorb the gram stain well

Front 34

Gram negative bacteria

Back 34

Bacteria that have thinner peptidoglycan cell walls but have two cell membranes that flank a thin cell wall that floats in the periplasm space

Front 35

Liposaccharides

Back 35

Lipid-carbohydrate structures that extend from the outer membrane of the cell wall in gram negative bacteria

Front 36

Teichoic Acid and Lipoteichoic Acid

Back 36

Lipid based appendages located in the peptidoglycan block on the cell walls of gram positive bacteria

Front 37

NAGS and NAMS

Back 37

The backbone of peptidoglycan molecules that form an offset peptide bonds between tripeptides on the NAMS to strengthen the cell wall

Front 38

Acid Fast bacteria

Back 38

Bacteria that closely resemble gram positive bacteria, but actually have a large lipid layer that can only be distinguished by a secondary stain of acid alcohol

Front 39

Cell Wall Deficient

Back 39

Bacteria that are evolutionarily advanced to lack a cell wall but have reinforced cell membranes called mycoplasma

Front 40

Mycoplasma

Back 40

Reinforced cell membranes with added cholesterol to increase rigidity of the cell membranes

Front 41

L-Form bacteria

Back 41

Bacteria that used to have cell walls but lost them due to environmental conditions

Front 42

Penicillin

Back 42

A general antibiotic that attacks the peptidoglycan of the cell wall

Front 43

Chromatophores

Back 43

Internal structures within the bacteria that hold pigments and display color

Front 44

Metachromatic granules

Back 44

Internal structures that store nutrients and phosphates that will show up as red with a blue stain

Front 45

Clostridium Difficile

Back 45

Enteric bacteria that when multiplying causes severe intestinal inflammation and diarrhea

Front 46

Clostridium Tetany

Back 46

A species of clostridium bacteria that lives in deep anaerobic conditions that can cause dysfunction of the muscles in the mandible and lumbar spinal area.

Front 47

Sporulation

Back 47

In the context of bacteria, this means the formation of endospores that exist within the bacteria that lay dormant until activated

Front 48

Endospore

Back 48

An internal structure that can survive beyond the lifespan of the host bacteria. These structures are resistant to depletion of nutrients, temperature, acids, bases, disinfectants or drying out

Front 49

Monotrichous

Back 49

Microbes that have one flagellum for locomotion

Front 50

Amphitrichous

Back 50

Microbes that have two flagellum for locomotion on opposite sides of the cell

Front 51

Lophotrichous

Back 51

A microbe that has two or more flagellum on one end for locomotion

Front 52

Peritrichous

Back 52

A microbe with two or more flagellum all around the cell

Front 53

Atrichous

Back 53

A microbe that does not have any flagellum for locomotion

Front 54

Endoflagella

Back 54

Flagella locomotion structures located between the cell membrane and cell walls to provide corkscrew locomotion

Front 55

Positive chemotaxis

Back 55

Bacterium will move toward the positive attractant

Front 56

Negative chemotaxis

Back 56

Bacterium will move away from a greater concentration of a chemical

Front 57

Positive phototaxis

Back 57

Bacterium will move toward a light source as an attractant

Front 58

Negative phototaxis

Back 58

Bacterium will move away from a light source as a repellant

Front 59

Runs and tumbles

Back 59

The way bacteria move in media. Tumbles are suspensions of motion, runs are directional motions

Front 60

Conjugation Pilus

Back 60

Sex pillus designed to perform gene transfer of plasmids and sometimes chromosomal dna

Front 61

Glycocalyx

Back 61

An outside structure that consists of a slime layer and capsule that increases bacterial adherence to surfaces like teeth

Front 62

Membrane Bound Proteins

Back 62

Proteins created through transcription and translation that are attached to the RER

Front 63

Secretory proteins

Back 63

Proteins created by transcription and translation that are intended to be secreted into the bloodstream like hormones

Front 64

Pseudopods

Back 64

Organisms that move by extending a fake foot and moving the rest of the body towards the foot. Examples are protozoans like amoebas

Front 65

Osmotic pressure

Back 65

The measurement of the tendency of water to move towards it

Front 66

Tonicity

Back 66

The measurements of salt conditions around the cell in question

Front 67

Endotoxins

Back 67

Lipopolysaccharides on peptidoglycan