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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a metabolism |
sum of all chemical reactions w/in a living organism |
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what is a catabolism |
releases energy, usually hydrolytic |
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is resporation catabolic or anabolic |
catabolic |
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what is anabolism |
stores energy |
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is photosynthesis and protein synthesis catabolic or anabolic |
anabolic |
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what are enzymes |
biological catalysts |
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what are enzymes made out of |
proteins, some coenzymes |
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what are some examples of coenzymes |
Iron, copper, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and vitamins |
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what are exoenzymes |
secreted to outside the cell (extracellular) |
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what is an example of an exoenzyme |
digestive enzymes |
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what are endoenzymes |
stay inside the cell, intracellular |
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what are the 2 types of endoenzymes |
1. synthesis of cell components and food reserves 2. bioenergetics |
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what are constitutive enzymes |
present all the time in the cell |
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what are inducible enzymes |
produced only in the presence of certain chemicals called inducers, produced when needed |
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how are enzyme functions classified |
1. based on sites of activities 2. based on presence in the cell |
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what factors can affect enzyme activites |
temp, pH, sunstrate concentration, inhibitors present |
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what types of enzyme inhibitors are there |
competitive, noncompetitive, detecting enzyme activity |
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whar are competitive enzymatic inhibitors |
2 substrates compete for same active sight |
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what kind of enzymatic inhibitors are competitive |
sulfa drugs |
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what do noncompetitive enzymatic inhibitors do |
bind to allosteric site and alter enzyme activity, feedback inhibition: substance temporarily binds to allosteric site and regulates rate of enzymatic activity |
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what do detecting enzyme activity inhibitors do |
can help ID bacteria, detect physical change in substrate, measure substrate before and after, indicate appearance of new product |
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what are some of staphylococcus aureus enzymes |
hyaluronidase, staphylokinases, penicillinase |
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what does hyaluronidase do |
promotes spreading of S. aureus |
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what does staphylokinases do |
dissolves blood clots |
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what does penicillinase |
breaks down penicillin |
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what are some of S. aureus' toxins |
hemolysins, leukocidins, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxin, TSST |
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where is S. aureus found |
bedsheets, door knobs etc. |
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how many people carry S. aureus |
30-50% |
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what percentage of nosocomial infections is S. aureus responsible |
11% |
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what is MRSA |
methicillin-resistant S. aureus |
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what is the hosts defense against S. aureus |
phagocytosis |
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how does beta hemolytic streptococci behave |
completely digests RBC's, on blood agar it has a clear color |
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how does alpha hemolytic Streptococci behave |
partial digestion of blood agar, has green color |
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where is Streptococci mitis present |
cheeks |
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where is Streptococci salivarius present |
tongue |
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where is Streptococci sanguis present |
teeth |
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where is Streptococci mutans present |
cavities |
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what is the 3rd most common childhood disease in the U.S. |
otitis media |
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what shape is neisseria |
kidney bean |
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where are gram negative cocci found |
mucous membranes of endotherms |
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how do you treat gonococcal opthalmia in babies |
AgNO3 and Emycin |
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what is another term for tuberculosis |
consumption |
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how long can it take for TB to respond to antibiotics |
6 months- 2 years |
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what can pseudomonas produce |
greenish pus |
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what causes otitis externa, swimmers ear |
pseudomonas |
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how do you get Brucella abortus |
unpasteurized milk |
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who is most likely to contract Brucella abortus |
farmers, vets, meat packers |
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where is Legionella pmeumophila found |
air conditioners, humidifiers, vaporizers |
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what can carry Yersinia pestis |
rat flea, rats, praire dogs, chipmunks |
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what morphology does syphilis have |
spirochete |
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how many stages does syphilis have |
3 1. 9 days-3 months 2. 3 wks-6 months 3. 3 years- 30 years |
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what is the vector for epidemic Rickettsia |
lice |
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what is the vector for endemic rickettsia |
fleas |
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what caused us to have to raise pastuerization temps |
Coxiella burnettii |
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what is the 1 STS in the US |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
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what 2 ailments do we treat babies eyes for when they are born |
gonorrhea and chlamydia |
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which bacteria does lucinda like |
streptomyces |
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what does geosmin do |
gives soil its color |
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what is transduction |
transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a virus |
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what is generalized transduction |
transfers any bacteria gene in the lytic cycle |
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what is specialized transduction |
transfers a specific gene in lysogeny |
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what is transformation |
absorption of DNA from environment by an organism |
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which people contributed to the discovery to transformation |
Fred Griffith: working on pneumonia vaccine and a virulent bacteria transfered genes to nonvirulent Avery, MacLeod, McCarthy: DNA was transfer agent, scientists were sloe to accept this |
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which bacterias can carry out transformation |
strep and bacillus |
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what is conjugation |
requires cell to cell contact |
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are donor cells considered male or female |
they are F+ and male, they have plasmid for pili production |
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are recipient cels considered male or female |
they are F- and female, they have no plasmid and no pili |
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what is a high frequency donor |
plasmid integrates into DNA, may transfer antibiotic resistance |
