Med I - Pollakiuria, Dysuria/stranguria, Hematuria

Front 1

Pollakiuria
-define

Back 1

-increased frequency of urination

*not associated with polyuria

Front 2

Dysuria
-define

Back 2

-difficulty urinating

Front 3

Stranguria
-define

Back 3

-straining during urination

Front 4

Periuria
-define

Back 4

-urinating in abnormal/inappropriate location

Front 5

Hematuria
-define

Back 5

RBCs in urine
-gross
-microscopic

Front 6

Hematuria
-microscopic significant concentration

Back 6

> 5 RBCs/hpf in urine sediment

Front 7

Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation
-causes

Back 7

-bacterial cystitis
-others: uroliths, uracheal remnants, bladder tumors and polyps, prostatitis, urethritis, idiopathic cystitis in cats
-NB: bacterial UTI rare in healthy, young cats with normal urine concentrating ability

Front 8

Bacterial cystitis
-common in

Back 8

-femal dogs

Front 9

Bacterial cystitis
-due to

Back 9

ascension of skin and GI flora

Front 10

Bacterial cystitis
-etiology

Back 10

Gram (+) [skin & feces]
-Staph
-Strep
-Enterococcus

Gram (-) [feces]
-E. coli
-Proteus
-Klebsiella
-Pseudomonas
-Enterobacter

Front 11

Why is bacterial cystitis not common in males?

Back 11

-prostatic secretions contain zinc which is bacteriostatic

Front 12

Uncomplicated UTI
-define

Back 12

-no underlying defects in the host immune system

Front 13

Uncomplicated UTI
-characteristics

Back 13

-hygiene issue ---> exposure to bacteria
-no compromise to the immune system
-often don't need to treat (if treated 10-14 days)
-non-recurring

Front 14

Complicated UTI
-define

Back 14

-underlying defects of the host immune system

*need to be treated for 4-6 wks to get host defenses back to normal

Front 15

Complicated UTI
-possible causes

Back 15

-abnormal micturition (urine retention/leakage)
-anatomical abnormalites (ectopic ureters)
-mucosal ldamage (uroliths)
-alterations in urine volume/composition (DM)
-systemic immunocompromise (cushings)

Front 16

Types of recurrent UTIs

Back 16

-relapse
-reinfection

Front 17

Relapse UTI
-define

Back 17

-same organism
-relatively short time frame between episodes

-signs improve with antibiotic but recur with antibiotic removal

Front 18

Relapse UTI
-causes

Back 18

-inappropriate antibiotic dose/duration
-antibiotic resistance
-bacteria sequestered away from antibiotics (thickened bladder mucosa or in stone)

Front 19

Relapse UTI
-what to focus on

Back 19

-owner compliance
-resistance
-some systemic problem (GI tract affecting antibiotic absorption)

Front 20

Reinfection UTI
-define

Back 20

-different organism
-longer time frame between episodes

Front 21

Reinfection UTI
-causes

Back 21

-underlying defects in host mechanisms
-iatrogenic/spontaneous reinfection

Front 22

Which one of the following would be least likely to cause a complicated UTI?
-hyperadrenocorticism
-urine retention or urine leakage disorder
-urolithiasis
-superficial pyoderma
-diabetes mellitus

Back 22

-superficial pyoderma