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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does HBOT affect white blood cells?
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- gives them an increased ability to fight infection (HBO is lethal to anaerobic microorganisms)
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What is neovascularization?
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- formation of new capillary bed in poorly perfused tissue (promoted by HBOT)
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What are the indications for HBOT?
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- air embolism
- CO poisoning |
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What is a monoplace chamber?
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- small vessel that holds one patient, usually pressurized w/ O2
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What are the characteristics of a multiplace chamber?
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- pressurized w/ room air
- patient breathes O2 via mask or hood - allows healthcare providers to be in the chamber w/ patient |
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What is an absolute contraindication for HBOT?
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- an untreated pneumothorax that occurs during therapy
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What are some contraindications for HBOT?
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- upper-respiratory infection
- patients w/ air trapping - patients unable to equalized pressure in middle ear (may need tympanotomy tubes before therapy) - patients w/ chronic hypercarbia (may remove hypoxic drive) |
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How does nitric oxide affect the vessels?
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(vasodilator)
- improves blood flow to the lung - reduces shunting - improves oxygenation - decreases pulmonary vascular resistance |
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What are O2 analyzers used for?
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- to analyze high flow systems; low flow systems cannot be analyzed
- used in measuring FIO2 in mechanical ventilation |
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When might a patient not receive the FIO2 measured by an O2 analyzer?
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- if flow is inadequate
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What does blue silica do? pink silica?
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- dries the gas
- saturates/adds moisture to gas |
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How should O2 analyzers be calibrated?
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- if measuring a value less than 60%, then calibrate to 21% last
- if measuring a value greater than 60%, then calibrate to 100% O2 last - calibrate at least once per shift |
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What are some possible sources for an error reading on an oxygen analyzer?
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- weak batteries
- torn, wet, or leaky membranes - positive pressure (PEEP or IPPB) - Altitude |
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What does the polarographic electrode (ABG machine) measure?
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- O2
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What does the Severinghouse electrode (ABG machine) measure?
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- CO2
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What does the Sanz electrode (ABG machine) measure?
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- pH
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What parameters do physical (paramagnetic) & electrochemical (polarographic/galvanic cell) O2 analyzers measure?
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- Partial Pressures
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What parameter does an electrical (thermal conduction) O2 analyzer measure?
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- O2 concentration
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What does a pulse oximeter measure?
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- saturation of the hemoglobin in arterial blood (not always O2)
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How does a pulse oximeter work?
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- uses red & infrared light to detect changes in color of blood caused by binding of the hemoglobin
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What sites can pulse oximeters be used on?
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- fingers, toes, & ear lobes
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What does co-oximetry measure?
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- abnormal hemoglobin variants
- can determine the percentage of oxygenated Hemoglobin compared to the total amount of hemoglobin (Hb), including carboxyhemoglobin (carboxy-Hb), Methemoglobin (met-Hb), oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb), and reduced Hb |
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What are the characteristics of a transcutaneous monitor?
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- provides continuous SPO2 monitoring
- O2 molecules diffuse through skin and through the membrane of the sensor - skin is heated to 42 C to facilitate diffusion - placed on flat surface of chest & abdomen - used mostly in infants - used to assess blood flow changes in HBOT |
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What is the "magic box"?
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- way to find the air:oxygen ratio of an entrainment system
- the answer represents the amount or air that is entrained to every 1 Liter of O2 - add ratios together, multiply by literflow= total output of device |
