Introduction Worldwide nicotine is known as the most addictive substance when compare with alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine. Cigarettes decrease respiratory function causing lungs and respiratory diseases. Cigarette smoking is higher among schizophrenia than any other mentally ill population. Schizophrenic patients are known to be heavy smokers, it is reported that about 60 percent to 80 percent have an addiction to nicotine. Schizophrenic patients are also least likely to quit this nicotine addiction. A patient with schizophrenia on average has a shorter life span and smoking increase their mortality rate. Death due to nicotine addiction is preventable. Which is why a research was conducted in Malaysia. In Malaysia, one out of five schizophrenic patients die from lung or respiratory disease due to
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Most Data collected regarding gender, ethnicity, antipsychotic medication, and history of substance abuse. There was only one interviewer during the study, this interviewer was trained to use the measurements and tools needed to conduct the study. Each patient was rated on the severity of schizophrenia by Malay's version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and the Malay version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Patients that were not included in the study were patients that had another substance use disorder, organic mental disorder, retardation, have an unstable medical condition, and unable to work with researchers. The scale was conducted in English of Malay language, depending on what the patient prefers. At the end of each interview that the patient had to perform a breathing test that helps to measure the level of carbon monoxide during expiatory. The device used to be a simple hand held breath analyzer, which is known as a piCO+ Smokerlyzer. The piCO+ Smokerlyzer is able to measure the carbon monoxide in parts per
Most Data collected regarding gender, ethnicity, antipsychotic medication, and history of substance abuse. There was only one interviewer during the study, this interviewer was trained to use the measurements and tools needed to conduct the study. Each patient was rated on the severity of schizophrenia by Malay's version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and the Malay version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Patients that were not included in the study were patients that had another substance use disorder, organic mental disorder, retardation, have an unstable medical condition, and unable to work with researchers. The scale was conducted in English of Malay language, depending on what the patient prefers. At the end of each interview that the patient had to perform a breathing test that helps to measure the level of carbon monoxide during expiatory. The device used to be a simple hand held breath analyzer, which is known as a piCO+ Smokerlyzer. The piCO+ Smokerlyzer is able to measure the carbon monoxide in parts per