Gas Physics Part 1

Front 1

What are the properties of a liquid?

Back 1

- pressure
- buoyancy
- viscosity
- cohesion & adhesion
- surface tension
- capillary action

Front 2

What is Avogadro's Law?

Back 2

1 gram atomic weight of any substance= 6.02 x 10(to the 23rd power) atoms

-this is known as 1 mole

Front 3

How much volume does 1 mole of a gas at STPD (standard temperature and pressure dry) occupy?

Back 3

22.4 L

Front 4

What is normal Pb (barometric pressure)?

Back 4

- 760 mmHg
- 14.7 PSI
- 1034cm H2O
- 33ft of water

Front 5

Water vapor (or humidity) exerts pressure. What is the partial pressure of water (PH2O) at 100% RH at 37 degrees Celsius?

Back 5

- 47mmHG
- 44mg H2O/L= 47mmHg (PH2O)

Front 6

What does Dalton's Law state?

Back 6

- the sum total of the individual partial pressures of gases in the atmosphere are equal to the barometric pressure
- the pressure of each gas will be exerted when separated from a mixture (ex. PN2= PB * %N2)

Front 7

What are the concentrations of atmospheric gases?

Back 7

- Oxygen (20.95%)
- Nitrogen (78.08%)
- Argon (0.93%)
- Carbon Dioxide (0.03%)
- Trace Gases (0.01%)

Front 8

What does the partial pressure of a gas equal?

Back 8

- Pb * concentration (ex. 760mmHg * 0.21= 159mmHg for O2)

Front 9

How much pressure does water vapor exert in the lung?

Back 9

47mmHg

Front 10

What does the water vapor pressure in the lungs change?

Back 10

- changes the pressure of the atmospheric gases in the alveoli (ex. Pb= 760mmHg - 47mmHg= 713mmHg)

Front 11

Because of the change in the barometric pressure in the alveoli, how does the partial pressure of O2 change?

Back 11

PO2= 713mmHg * 0.21= 149mmHg

Front 12

Is the amount of CO2 in the lungs higher than the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere?

Back 12

yes

Front 13

What is CO2 affected by in the lungs?

Back 13

- affected by the respiratory quotient (the unequal exchange of O2 for CO2)
(149 - PaCO2/0.8)

Front 14

In addition to the effects of PH2O on partial pressure of gases in the alveoli, what will the CO2 diffusing from the bloodstream into the alveoli further decrease?

Back 14

alveolar PO2

Front 15

Explain the indirect relationship between the pressures of CO2 and O2 regarding the application of Dalton's Law?

Back 15

- since CO2 is leaving the bloodstream, (a closed system), and entering the respiratory tract (an open system), there is an indirect relationship between the pressures of CO2 and O2

Front 16

What do increases in PACO2 result in?

Back 16

decreases in PAO2 (this indirect relationship only involves CO2 and O2 because they are the only metabolically active gases)

Front 17

What must Dalton's Law be modified to account for?

Back 17

incoming CO2 when applied to alveolar O2

Front 18

What is the ideal alveolar gas equation?

Back 18

PAO2= FIO2 (Pb-PH20) - PCO2/RQ

Front 19

What is the Ideal Gas Law?

Back 19

if mass is constant: P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

Front 20

What does Boyle's Law state?

Back 20

- if temperature and mass are constant then volume and pressure are inversely proportional

P1V1= P2V2

Front 21

What does Charles' Law state?

Back 21

- if pressure and mass are constant then temperature and volume are directly proportional

V1/T1= V2/T2

Front 22

What does Gay-Lussac's Law state?

Back 22

- if volume and mass remain constant, pressure and temperature are directly proportional

P1/T1= P2/T2

Front 23

What temperature scale do all gas laws use?

Back 23

Kelvin (C+273= Kelvin)

Front 24

What are the agencies that regulate gas administration?

Back 24

- DOT (Department of Transportation)
- HHS (Department of Health & Human Services)
- OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)

Front 25

What is the FDA (Food & Drug Administration) a part of?

Back 25

- part of HHS (regulates the purity of gases)

Front 26

What are the recommending bodies concerning gases?

Back 26

- CGA (Compressed Gas Association); created safety systems
- NFPA (National Fire Protection Assn.); fire prevention/governs storage
- Z79 (Committee of American National Standards for Anesthetic Equipment)

Front 27

What does the Z-79 include?

Back 27

- ventilator devices
- reservoir bags
- trachea tubes and their connectors
- humidifiers
- other related equipment

Front 28

What size cylinders is color coding used for?

Back 28

- E cylinders (not mandatory for larger cylinders)

Front 29

What is the color code for Oxygen?

Back 29

- green (white internationally)

Front 30

What is the color code for CO2?

Back 30

- grey

Front 31

What is the color code for Nitrous oxide?

Back 31

- blue

Front 32

What is the color code for Cyclopropane?

Back 32

- orange

Front 33

What is the color code for Helium?

Back 33

- brown

Front 34

What is the color code for Ethylene?

Back 34

- red

Front 35

What is the color code for air?

Back 35

- yellow

Front 36

What is the color code for Nitrogen?

Back 36

- black