Mcr I - Exam Ii

Front 1

Supination of the foot

Back 1

a combined motion of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction of the foot

Front 2

Pronation of the foot

Back 2

a combined motion of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction of the foot

Front 3

Calcaneous (position of the foot)

Back 3

weight on the heel, and foot is dorsiflexed with toes extended.

Front 4

Equinus (position of the foot)

Back 4

weight is on the "balls" of the foot

Front 5

Pes Cavus

Back 5

a shortened plantar fascia, characterized by a high arch

Front 6

Pes Planus

Back 6

a lax plantar fascia, characterized by a flat arch

Front 7

Talipes equinovarus

Back 7

a congenital condition in which the foot turns inward and downward. also know as congenital club foot

Front 8

Internal tibial torsion

Back 8

a condition where the tibia is rotated medially at the knee causing in-toe gait

Front 9

External tibial torsion

Back 9

a condition in which the tibia is laterally rotated at the knee causing an out-toe gait

Front 10

Femoral torsion

Back 10

an inward twisting of the thigh bone resulting in a knock-kneed position

Front 11

Femoral retroversion

Back 11

the femoral neck and head is oriented posteriorly to coronal (frontal) plane of the femor

Front 12

femoral anteversion

Back 12

a condition in which the femoral neck and head are directed anteriorly in reference to the coronal plane

Front 13

Cubital varus

Back 13

a decreased carrying angle of the elbow

Front 14

Cubital valgus

Back 14

an increased carrying angle of the elbow

Front 15

Genu varus

Back 15

an outward bowing of the femur on the tibia

Front 16

Genu valgus

Back 16

an inward deviation of the femur on the tibia, knocked-knee

Front 17

Hallux valgus

Back 17

when the big toe points inward, usually into the 2nd toe

Front 18

coxa varus

Back 18

the angle of the head & shaft of the femur is less than 120 degrees

Front 19

coxa valgus

Back 19

the angle between the head and shaft of the femur is greater than 135 degrees

Front 20

calcaneal varus

Back 20

the heel is turned inward, or is inverted

Front 21

calcaneal valgus

Back 21

the heel is turned outward, or is everted

Front 22

Ganglion cyst

Back 22

a swelling or tumor on a joint or tendon sheath, also known as a bible cyst

Front 23

ecchymosis

Back 23

a small hemorrhage spot on the skin

Front 24

contusion

Back 24

a bruise

Front 25

bursitis

Back 25

inflammation of the bursa sac

Front 26

synovitis

Back 26

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Front 27

tendinitis

Back 27

inflammation of the tendon

Front 28

tendinosis

Back 28

chronic degeneration of a tendon from prolonged tendinitis

Front 29

muscle guarding

Back 29

a protecting response in muscle that results from pain or fear of movement/pain

Front 30

muscle spasm

Back 30

a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle. often is painful

Front 31

Based on the examination, your evaluation should establish:

Back 31

the diagnosis, which includes a list of functional limitations and impairments, and the prognosis, which includes the POC, goals, and outcomes

Front 32

Things to consider for a holistic approach to patient care:

Back 32

1) the patient is an individual with unique needs
2) psychosocial aspects - family support
3) learning style & cognitive abilities
4) Goals & outcomes relative to patient's needs
5) promote wellness - education
6) comorbidities
7) fitness level and lifestyle factors

Front 33

Forms of intervention?

Back 33

psychological, nutrition counseling, pharmacological, radiation, immobilization, modalities & physical agents, application of external forces (i.e. traction), ther-ex, education, relaxation, prevention, surgery

Front 34

Types of surgery?

Back 34

manipulation, open - incision, arthroscopic, microsurgery

Front 35

Surgerical procedures

Back 35

incision & drainage, exploratory/diagnostic, open reduction, release, resection (excision, debridement, lysis/lavage), reconstruction (osteotomy or grafting), surgical lengthening (Ilizarov technique), repair, replantation, replacement, implantation, fusion (arthodesis), transposition, disarticulation, revision

Front 36

Signs & symptoms of inflammation

Back 36

heat, erythemia/redness, swelling/edema, pain, loss of function

Front 37

Functions of articular cartialge

Back 37

main function is shock absorption and facilitation of low friction movements; growth in youth

Front 38

Chondrocytes

Back 38

cells of cartialge; synthesize and make extracellular matrix that is made of collagen fiber and ground substance

Front 39

Proteoglycans - complex protein

Back 39

part of ground substance
responsible for contributing to the firm consistency of cartilage.
they attract water
made of hyaluronic acid core and glycoaminglycan

Front 40

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 40

avascular, aneural, dependent on diffusion from synovial fluid for nutrition.

Front 41

Healthy Cartilage needs:

Back 41

synovial fluid, movement, and mechanical forces with variance

Front 42

Degeneration of articular cartialge

Back 42

Part of normal aging process (wear/tear)
Primarily idiopathic degen jt dis. (DJD)
Secondarily degen - associated with trauma

Front 43

Idiopathic Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

Back 43

degeneration of cartialge, remodeling in subchondral bone, transient inflammation in synovial membrane, typical of WB joint

Front 44

Secondary DJD

Back 44

micro or macro trauma, chemical trauma, exposure to air, congenital abnormalities, prolonged immobilization, cyclic inflammation, joint instability

Front 45

Sequence of events in degeneration of articular cartilage

Back 45

1) release of enzymes associated with inflam.
2) degradation and release of proteoglycans
3) disruption of collagen fiber network (fibers become disorganized and release proteos into joint space)

Front 46

Types of cartilage degeneration

Back 46

fibrillation - occurs at surface, proteos escape
Fissuring - extensive surface damage that goes further down
Eburnation - a fissuring that goes all the way tot he subchondral bone
Blistering - intact surface, but softening of deep layers

Front 47

Osteoarthritic "Lipping"

Back 47

chondrocytes begin to grow and extra cartilage forms the edge of the joint. They can eventually ossify (bone spur), form an exostosis or osteophytes

Front 48

Sources of pain with OA

Back 48

bone on bone contact
soft tissue damage at joint
synovial and fibrous jt capsule (innervated)
muscle spasm
changes in barometric pressure

Front 49

Prostaglandin synthesis related to:

Back 49

inflammation
pain
fever
dysmenorrhea
thrombus formation
other diseases

Front 50

Steroid SE

Back 50

immunosuppression, adrenocortical suppression, stress on renal system, weakening of collage, atrophy of muscle, Cushing's syndrome