Mayo Clinic I - 19 - Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

Activation of which receptors constrict blood vessels?

Back 1

a1; activated by NE

Front 2

Activation of which receptors stimulate sweat glands? What's the neurotransmitter?

Back 2

M3; ACh

Front 3

Contraction of the bladder sphincter is achieved through which receptor and neurotransmitter?

Back 3

a1; NE

Front 4

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers originate where? Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate where?

Back 4

Sympathetic - Thoracolumbar region

T1 to L3 in the IML

Parasympathetic - Craniosacral segments

Front 5

How is the adrenal medulla innervated?

Back 5

By preganglionic sympathetic axons, and the adrenal chromaffin cells produce primarily epinephrine

Front 6

Pupilloconstriction and accommodation is achieved through which parasympathetic nucleus?

Back 6

Edinger-Westphal

Front 7

Lacrimation is achieved through which parasympathetic nucleus?

Back 7

1. Superior salivatory nucleus (CN VIII [submaxillary and sublingual glands])

2. Inferior salivatory (CN IX [parotid glands])

Front 8

Salivationis achieved through which parasympathetic nucleus?

Back 8

Superior salivatory nucleus (CN VII)

Front 9

Role of hypothalamus?

Back 9

Coordinate patterns of autonomic, endocrine, arousal, and behavioural responses according to the stimulus

Front 10

Where is the insular cortex located?

Back 10

Folded within the sylvian fissure

Front 11

Role of insular cortex?

Back 11

Integrate visceral sensation with pain and temperature sensation, providing conscious perception of the bodily state

Front 12

Function of the anterior cingulate cortex?

Back 12

Modulation of autonomic output involved in goal-directed behaviour

Front 13

Function of the amygdala

Back 13

PRovide emotional significance to sensory stimuli

Front 14

Function of the preoptic region of the hypothalamus

Back 14

Integration of autonomic, endocrine, and behavioural responses for homeostasis, stress response, and immune modulation

Front 15

Role of the periaqueductal gray

Back 15

Integration of autonomic, somatic, and pain modulating responses

Front 16

Function of parabrachial nucleus

Back 16

Integration and relay of somatic and visceral inputs to the hypothalamus, thalamus, and amygdala

Front 17

Role of the nucleus of the solitary tract

Back 17

Site for relay of taste and visceral afferents; reflexes to multiple areas

Front 18

Function of the ventrolateral medulla

Back 18

Control of vasomotor tone related to blood pressure and for respiratory pattern generation

Front 19

Role of the medullary raphe

Back 19

Control of sympathetic tone (vasoconstriction) to skin

Front 20

Where is the amygdala located?

Back 20

Just anterior to the hippocampus

Front 21

Horner syndrome is characterized by

Back 21

1. Miosis

2. Ptosis

3. Anhidrosis

Front 22

Cause of Horner syndrome?

Back 22

Lesion anywhere along the 3-neuron course; ICA lesions distal to the bifurcation may result in only miosis and ptosis without anhidrosis because the sudomotor fibers to the face travel along the external carotid artery

Front 23

Muscles responsible for bladder emptying

Back 23

1. Contraction of the detrusor muscle

2. Relaxation of the sphincter

Front 24

Describe the pathway leading to bladder emptying when the bladder is full

Back 24

Afferent information ent to periaqueductal gray and parabrachial nucleus --> periaqueductal gray matter projects to pontine micturition center nad is excitatory --> sacral spinal cord --> activates parasympathetic fibers innervating the detrusor muscle, and inhibits the motor neurons in the Onuf nucleus -> Relaxing external bladder sphincter

Front 25

Mechanism behind referred pain?

Back 25

Visceral afferents converge with somatic afferents