Mammal Mass Transport Kw

Front 1

Partial pressure

Back 1

Measure of concentration, e.g. of oxygen or carbon dioxide.

Front 2

Haemoglobin

Back 2

Chemically similar molecules which transport oxygen in blood by associating and dissociating.

Front 3

Arteries

Back 3

Thick, muscular and elastic vessels and small lumen which carry blood away from the heart at high pressure.

Front 4

Arterioles

Back 4

Divide from arteries, direct blood to different areas by contracting or relaxing their muscular wall.

Front 5

Veins

Back 5

A vessel with a wide lumen and little muscle or elasticity, carry blood back to heart. Has valves to prevent back-flow.

Front 6

Capillaries

Back 6

Vessels which carry blood directly to respiring cells, are one cell thick.

Front 7

Tissue fluid

Back 7

Surrounds cells, containing water, oxygen and nutrients. Cells may take it in or release metabolic waste into it. Made by tissue filtration, and excess is drained by lymphatic system.

Front 8

Pressure filtration

Back 8

Makes tissue fluid. Start of a capillary bed has a high hydrostatic pressure, so forces fluid out due to difference in pressure to reduce it. At the end of a capillary the water potential is lower so water re-enters via osmosis.

Front 9

Lymphatic system

Back 9

A network of tubes acting like a drainage system.

Front 10

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Back 10

Link atria and ventricles to stop backflow to atria.

Front 11

Semi-lunar (SL) valves

Back 11

Link ventricles to arteries to stop backflow to heart.

Front 12

Ventricles

Back 12

Pump blood to arteries.

Front 13

Atria

Back 13

Collect blood then pump to ventricles.

Front 14

Atheroma

Back 14

A fibrous plaque made from lipids, connective tissue and white blood cells. Restricts blood flow when built up.

Front 15

Aneurysm

Back 15

A ballon-like swelling of the artery caused by an atheroma and blood trying to get around it. May burst, causing a haemorrhage.

Front 16

Thrombosis

Back 16

A blood clot which prevents blood flow. Caused by an artery wall being damaged, causing platelets and fibrin to accumulate and make a clot.

Front 17

Myocardial infarction

Back 17

Heart attack due to coronary arteries being blocked, meaning the heart has restricted blood flow so may be damaged. May lead to fatal heart failure.

Front 18

Diastole

Back 18

Relaxation of the heart, atria fill with blood.

Front 19

Atria systole

Back 19

Contraction of the artery walls to force blood into the ventricles.

Front 20

Ventricular systole

Back 20

Contraction of the ventricles to pump blood to the arteries.

Front 21

Pocket valves

Back 21

Valves in veins to ensure blood goes to the heart.

Front 22

Cardiac output

Back 22

The volume of blood pumped by 1 ventricle in 1 minute. Heart rate x stroke volume.