Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
fallacies of induction |
A subgroup of the fallacies of presumption. These arguments misuse empirical data are don't follow proper methods of inductive reasoning. Ex: laws of gravity |
|
|
Hasty generalization (converse accident) Latin accidere means to fall to happen |
A fallacy of induction that makes an unwarranted generalization on the basis of two few examples. Ex: My dad's laptop battery started smoking last night and ruined his laptop. Don't ever buy an acme laptop they're junk. |
|
|
Sweeping generalization (accident- A generalization is generally it usually true but not always. |
A fallacy of induction that overextends a generalization to include facts or cases that are exceptions to it. Ex: don't get a PC, they crash, get a Mac. I own a PC and it crashes less often then a Mac |
|
|
False analogy |
A fallacy of induction that is based on a weak analogy. Ex: strong analogy Just as a car will stop running unless you refuel it with gas, So to an army will stop fighting unless it is fed. Weak analogy: Just as a car will stop running without gas so too a student will stop studying without gas so too a student will stop studying without good grades. |
|
|
False cause |
A fallacy of induction that is based on a weak cause and effect connection. Ex: Right after the phone rang, Olivia started sneezing. She must be allergic different calls. |
|
|
Partial cause |
A type of false cause fallacy in which the speaker claims one factor caused an event when in reality it is only one of several factors that caused the event. Ex: The availability of handguns is responsible for high rates of violent crime if we significantly restrict access to handguns the rates of violent crime will drop. |
|
|
Confusing a necessary and sufficient condition |
A type of false cause fallacy that assumes that because something cannot occur without the presence of a certain factor or conditioned it will necessarily occur if that factor or condition is present. Ex: The employer who interviewed me said that a college degree was required for the job. I have a college degree, so why didn't I get the job? |
|
|
Confusing a cause and an effect |
A type of false cause fallacy that confuses a cause is an effect or an effect as a cause. Ex: Mr. Clark, the company CEO visits our office every year when we're serving the steak lunch. He obviously checks to see when we have the steak lunch every year, then comes on that day. |
|
|
Neglect of a common cause |
A type of false cause fallacy that claims A is causing B when in reality C is causing both A and B. Ex: Lisa is depressed.It must be because she is so obese. |
|
|
Fake precision |
A fallacy of induction that uses numbers or statistics in a way that is too precise to be justified by the situation. Ex: We should scrap the Constitution of the United States because it promotes an anti-black racist agenda. Just look at article 1 section 2 of the Constitution the 3/5 compromise recognize each slave as only three fifths of a person. |
