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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proposition |
A truth or falsehood that may or may not be expressed in a sentence. |
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Cognitive Meaning (of a Sentence) |
The information conveyed by the sentence. |
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Emotive Force (of a Sentence) |
The emotion the sentence expresses or tends to elicit. |
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Ambiguous Word |
A word that has more than one meaning. |
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Vague Word |
A word which has borderline cases. |
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Extension (of a Term) |
The set of things to which the term applies. |
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Intension (of a Word) |
The properties a thing must have to be included in the term's extension. |
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Extensional Definition |
Specifies the meaning of a term by indicating the set of things to which term applies. |
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Ostensive Definition |
Specifies the meaning of a term by pointing to objects in its extension. |
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Enumerative Definition |
Specifies the meaning of a term by naming the members of its extension individually. |
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Definition by Subclass |
Specifies the meaning of a term by naming the members of its extension in groups. |
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Intensional Definition |
Specifies the meaning of a term by indication the properties a thing must have to be included in the term's extension. |
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Lexical Definition |
Reports the conventional or established intension of a term, e.g., dictionary definitions |
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Stipulative Definition |
Specifies the intension of a term independently of convention or established use. |
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Precising Definition |
Reduces vagueness of a term by imposing limits on the conventional meaning. |
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Theoretical Definition |
Attempts to provide an adequate understanding of things to which a term applies. |
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Definiendum |
The word being defined |
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Definiens |
The word or words that do the defining. |
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Proper Subclass |
Class X is a proper subclass of class Y given that X is a subclass of Y but Y has members X lacks. |
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Genus & Species |
A genus is a class of objects, of which a species is a proper subclass |
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Specific Difference |
The attribute that distinguishes the members of a given species from the members of other species in the same genus. |
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Counterexample to a Definition |
Something to which the term applies but which doesn't meet the conditions OR which meets the conditions but to which the term doesn't apply. |
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Circular Definition |
A definition in which the definiendum appears in the definiens. |
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Equivocation |
Occurs when a word or phrase with more than one meaning is used in an argument, but the validity of the argument depends on the use of the same meaning |
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Merely Verbal Dispute |
Occurs when disputants appear to disagree, but an ambiguous word or phrase hides the fact that there isn't really a disagreement |
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Persuasive Definition |
A definition that is slanted or biased in favor of a particular conclusion or point of view |
