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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cerebral cortex
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largest most complex brain structure, 85% of the brains weight, most neurons & synapses
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lateralization
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specialization of the two hemispheres
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brain plasticity
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other parts of the brain take over tasks from a damaged part
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experience-expectant brain growth
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organization - depends on ordinary experiences
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neurotransmitters
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chemicals neurons use to communicate
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synaptic pruning
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happens when neurons are not stimulated, turn to uncommited state
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glial cells
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responsible for myelination, over half the brains volume
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myelination
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coating of neural fibers, improves efficiency of message transfer
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cephalocaudal trend
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growing trend - head to tail
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proximodistal trend
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growing trend - near to far, from the center of the body outward
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Neurons
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nerve cells that store and transmit information
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synapses
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gaps between neurons
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experience-dependent brain growth
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additional growth and refinement of established brain structures as a result of specific learning experiences
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marasmus
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caused by diet low in nutrients, usually appears within first year when the mother is to malnourished to produce enough breast milk
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Kwashiorkor
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low protein diet, usually appears between 1-3 years
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nonorganic failure to thrive
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growth disorder resulting from lack of love, present by 18 months. all signs of marasmus, but there is no organic cause.
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Classical Conditioning
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a connection between stimulus. pavlovs dogs
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unconditioned stimulus
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produces a reflex (unconditioned response)
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conditioned stimulus
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neutral stimulus produces a reflex like response (conditioned response)
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operant conditioning
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behavior determined by reinforces/punishers
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reinforcer
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increases the occurence of an action
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punishment
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decreases the occurence of an action
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habituation
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gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation
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recovery
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increased responsiveness due to a new stimulus
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imitation
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copying behavior of another person
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mirror neurons
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neurons that fire identically to when we see an action vs actually doing the action
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dynamic systems theory of motor development
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motor skills work as a system to produce more effective ways of exploring the environment
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statistical learning capacity
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infants acquire a stock of speech patterns that they later learn the meanings for
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intermodal perception
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how we make sense of light, sound, tactile, odor and taste information by perceiving them as a whole
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differentiation theory
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infants search for features of the environment that remain stable
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