Development Through The Lifespan - Chapter 17

Front 1

Ages 65+

Back 1

Late Adulthood

Front 2

Actual competence and performance of an older adult (as distinguished from chronological age)

Back 2

Functional Age

Front 3

the number of years an individual born in a particular year can expect to live, starting at any given age. Distinguished from maximum lifespan and active lifespan.

Back 3

Average Life Expectancy

Front 4

% that heart disease, the leading cause of overall adult death in the North America, has dropped in the past 30 years.

Back 4

50%

Front 5

How many more years women can look forward to living than men.

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4 to 7

Front 6

the # of years of vigorous, healthy life. Distinguished from average life expectancy and maximum lifespan.

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Active Lifespan

Front 7

% of population of people living in North America over the age of 65 in 2004.

Back 7

16%

Front 8

an age-related reversal in life expectancy of sectors of the population. for example, members of low-SES ethnic minorities who survive to age 85 live longer than members of the white majority

Back 8

life expectancy crossover

Front 9

Basic self care tasks required to live on one's own, such as bathing, dressing, getting in and out of bed or a chair, or eating

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Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Front 10

Tasks necessary to conduct the business of daily life and also requiring some cognitive competence, such as telephoning, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, and paying bills.

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Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

Front 11

the genetic limit to length of life for a person free of external risk factors. Distinguished from average life expectancy and active lifespan.

Back 11

Maximum Lifespan

Front 12

elders who do well on memory and other cognitive tasks sometimes show more widely distributed activity across areas of the _______ _______.

Back 12

cerebral cortex

Front 13

______ ______ system also performs less well in old age, putting the elderly at risk during heat waves and cold spells.

Back 13

autonomic nervous

Front 14

more _____ than _____ report being visually impaired, whereas more _____ than ______ report being hearing impaired.

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women than men, men than women

Front 15

cloudy areas in the lens of the eye that increase from middle to old age, resulting in foggy vision and (without surgery) eventual blindness

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cataracts

Front 16

blurring and eventual loss of central vision due to a break-down of light-sensitive cells in the macula, or central region of the retina. (Leading cause of blindness among older adults)

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macular degeneration

Front 17

reduced blood supply and natural cell death in the inner ear and auditory cortex cause ______ _______.

Back 17

hearing to decline

Front 18

smoking, dentures, medications, and environmental pollutants are all causes of what:

Back 18

changes in taste perception

Front 19

an abnormal response of the immune system in which it turns against normal body tissues

Back 19

autoimmune response

Front 20

a condition during sleep in which breathing ceases for 10 seconds or longer, resulting in many brief awakenings.

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sleep apnea

Front 21

movements due to muscle tension, reduced circulation, or age-related changes in motor areas of the brain.

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"restless legs"

Front 22

neurological, sensory, cardiovascular, respiratory, immune-system, and skeletal and muscular health strongly predict ______ ______ and both both quality and length of life later.

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cognitive performance

Front 23

Array of devices that permit people with disabilities, including older adults, to improve their functioning.

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assistive technology

Front 24

the public health goal of reducing the average period of diminished vigor before death as life expectancy extends. So far, persistence of poverty and negative lifestyle factors have interfered with progress toward this goal.

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compression of morbidity

Front 25

genetically influenced age-related declines in the functioning of organs and systems that affect all members of our species and take place even in the context of overall good health (aka biological aging)

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primary aging

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declines due to heredity defects and environmental influences, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, substance abuse, environmental pollution, and psychological stress.

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secondary aging

Front 27

weakened functioning of diverse organs and body systems, which profoundly interferes with everyday competence and leaves the older adult highly vulnerable in the face of an infection, extremely hot or cold weather, or an injury

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frailty

Front 28

a form of athritis characterized by deteriorating cartilage on the ends of bones of frequently used joints. Leads to swelling, stiffness, and loss of flexibility. Otherwise known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis.

Back 28

osteoarthritis

Front 29

a form of arthritis in which an autoimmune response leads to inflammation of connective tissue, particularly the membranes that line the joints, resulting in stiffness, inflammation, aching, deformed joints, and serious loss off mobility.

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rheumatoid arthritis

Front 30

a set of disorders occurring almost entirely in old age in which many aspects of thought and behavior are so impaired that everyday activities are disrupted.

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dementia

Front 31

two types of cortical dementia:

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Alzheimer's & cerebrovascular dementia

Front 32

the most common form of dementia, in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with gradual loss of many aspects of thought and behavior

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Alzheimer's disease

Front 33

a structural change in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease in which bundles of twisted threads appear that are the product of collapsed neural structures.

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neurofibrillary tangles

Front 34

a structural change in the brain associated with Alzheimers disease in which dense deposits of a deteriorated protein called amyloid are surrounded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells

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amyloid plaques

Front 35

a form of dementia in which a series of strokes leaves dead brain cells, producing step-by-step degeneration of mental ability, with each step occurring abruptly after a stroke.

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cerebrovascular dementia

Front 36

time away from providing care

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respite

Front 37

a set of strategies that permits the elderly to sustain high levels of functioning. They SELECT personally valued activities as a way of OPTIMIZING returns from their diminishing energies and come p with new ways of COMPENSATING for losses.

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selective optimization with compensation

Front 38

memory without conscious awareness

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implicit memory

Front 39

difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information

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associate memory deficit

Front 40

recall of events that happened long ago

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remote memory

Front 41

recall that involves remembering to engage in planned actions at an appropriate time in the future.
(event-based and time-based)

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prospective memory

Front 42

form of cognition that combines breadth and depth of practical knowledge: ability to reflect on and apply that knowledge in ways that make life more bearable and worthwhile; emotional maturity, including the ability to listen, evaluate, and give advice, and altruistic creativity- contributing to humanity and enriching other's lives.

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wisdom

Front 43

marked acceleration in deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death

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terminal decline