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152 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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A government run by the people under it |
democracy |
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a group of advisors chosen by the head of a nation to help in government |
cabinet |
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the act or ceremony of installing a president into office |
inauguration |
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neutrality |
attitude or policy of a nation that does not take part directly or indirectly |
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ratify |
to confirm, approve |
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a list of duties or taxes that a government charges on imports or exports |
tariff |
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a member of a party opposed to the Federalists |
a politcal party in the U.S. that favored the adoption of the Constitution |
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the group of people chosen by the voters to elect a president and vice president |
electoral college |
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a tax on the manufacture, sell or use of certain articles |
excise tax |
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party that wanted a weak federal government |
Democratic-Republicans |
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a member or supporter of the Federalist Party in the U.S. |
Federalist |
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a nation or state in which the citizens elect representatives |
republic |
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members of the electoral college |
electors |
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Washington's election to the presidency was important because |
he considered every problem thoughtfully and followed through |
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Washington's main objective as president of the U.S. was to |
establish respect for the office of the presidency |
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Hamilton proposed paying the entire national debt at its face value in order to |
restore the nation's economic credit so that the government could raise money in the future |
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The executive departments established were: ___, ___, ___, ___ |
the State Department, Treasury Department, War Department, Attorney General's office |
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The Judiciary Act of 1789 |
provided for a chief justice and five associate justices |
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The Constitution made no mention of a |
presidential cabinet |
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______ established the custom of using the heads of various departments for his presidential advisors |
George Washington |
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The national bank was opposed by many because it was not mentioned in the |
Constitution |
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A ____ is a meeting of the members of a political party |
caucus |
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Leaders of the two political parties were Hamilton of the ____ Party and Madison and Jefferson of the ____ Party |
Federalist and Democratic-Republican |
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To _____ is to force men to serve in the armed forces |
impress |
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The U.S. did not take either side in the French Revolution but adopted a position of strict |
neutrality |
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Jay's Treaty with England was unpopular in the U.S. because the British did not promise to stop interfering with American |
shipping |
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Pinckney's Treaty with Spain finally solved the problem of the boundary between the US and |
West Florida |
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The emphasis of Washington's farewell address was to not make any permanent |
alliances |
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The French reacted to Jay's Treaty with England by beginning to __ American ships |
capture |
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In response to President Adam's efforts to reach an understanding, the French requested ___ before talks would begin |
money |
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Which states declared the Alien and Sedition Acts void and of no force within their boundaries? |
Kentucky and Virginia |
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Because of the Alien and Sedition Acts and because of its unpopular choices, the ____ Party lost its popular support and the election of ___ |
Federalist and 1800 |
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A separate vote for president and vice president was required by the ____ Amendment to the Constitution |
Twelfth |
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Opposition to Hamilton's policies led to the organization of the ___ Party and the ___ Party |
Republican and Federalist |
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Which act is this? A foreigner had to live in the US fourteen years to become a citizen |
Naturalization |
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Which act is this? series of laws which took advantage of war hysteria to control the Republicans |
Alien and Sedition Acts |
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Which act is this? permitted the president to deport aliens whom he judged "dangerous" |
Alien Act |
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Which act is this? permitted the president to imprison or deport dangerous aliens in time of war |
Alien Enemies Act |
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Which act is this? an effort to preserve the Federalist principles |
Judiciary Act |
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Which act is this? authorized fines up to $5,000 and imprisonment for hindering government |
Sedition Act |
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The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, made in opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts: |
claimed that the states could nullify any actions by the federal government that they judged unconstitutional |
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Thomas Pinckney's treaty with Spain won the Americans free navigation of the ____ and permission for American traders to __________ |
Mississippi and deposit goods for shipment at the mouth of the river |
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The first political parties were formed around ___ and __ differences |
regional and economical differences |
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Many Americans opposed Hamilton's proposal to have a national government assume debts owed by the states because ___, ___, and ____ |
many people didn't want spectators to gain profits from the scheme, the Republicans feared that the national government would get too powerful, and states that had already paid a large proportion of their debt would have to help pay the debts of other states |
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Washington's proclamation of 1793 was |
made because the US was too weak to wage war |
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The US was brought to the brink of war with England in 1794 because of |
British seizure of American ships and impressment of American seamen |
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The following 3 items were factors in ending the alliance between France and the US |
fighting between French and American ships, French interception and impounding of American vessels bound for England, and the XYZ Affair wherein a high monetary price was placed as a condition for a treaty with France |
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The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to |
restrain Republican opposition to the Federalist administration |
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The Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1804, |
required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president |
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first secretary of state |
Jefferson |
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first secretary of treasury |
Hamilton |
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drafter of the Bill of Rights |
Madison |
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minister to Britain who negotiated a treaty in 1795 |
Jay |
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envoy to Spain who negotiated the 1796 treaty that guaranteed free navigation |
Pinckney |
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second president of the US |
Adams |
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French representative sent to the US to seek American support against Britain |
Genet |
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attorney general under Washington |
Randolph |
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The ____ reacted to Jay's Treaty with England by beginning to capture American ___ |
French and ships |
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In response to President Adams' efforts to reach an understanding regarding the capture of American ships, the French requested ___ before talks would begin |
money |
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Marbury v. Madison was the first of many important decisions made by this man during his 35 years as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
Marshall |
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What was the price paid for the Louisiana Purchase? |
$15 million |
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"A wise and frugal government" was the goal that this man stated in his inaugural address |
Jefferson |
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President Jefferson appointed this man as secretary of treasury |
Gallatin |
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Jefferson's government was the beginning of |
a wise and popular government in the US |
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The practice by the British of impressing American seamen was brought to a head by the |
Chesapeake Affair |
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The Embargo Act was an attempt to |
exert pressure on England after the Chesapeake Affair |
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President Jefferson sent ___ to France to negotiate with Napolean |
James Monroe |
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The 2 men who arranged the purchase of the Louisiana Territory were |
Robert Livington and James Monroe |
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The "War Hawks" were |
frontiersmen and farmers of the West and South who wanted to expand America's frontiers |
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Britain and France |
seized American ships |
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Had the ____ existed, the War of 1812 could have been prevented |
telegraph |
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The US were poorly prepared for war because of the economic policies of |
Jefferson |
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Battle of Lake Erie |
Oliver Hazard Perry |
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Battle of New Orleans |
Andrew Jackson |
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Battle of Lake Champlain |
Thomas MacDonough |
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Who led the War Hawks? |
John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay |
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"Star-Spangeled Banner" |
Francis Scott Key |
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A peace treaty was signed in Ghent, Belgium ___ days before the Battle of New Orleans |
15 |
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The "Star-Spangled Banner" was inspired by the night-long bombardment of Fort ____ by British ships |
McHenry |
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List 4 ways which the US benefited from the War of 1812 |
gained the respect of foreign nations, American industry produced its own products, a new spirit of nationalism was erected, and they were ready to expand westward |
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent? |
Both sides had to simply cease fire and stop fighting. |
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The Embargo Act of 1807: |
was Jefferson's attempt to keep the country at peace and avoid further provocative incidents, stopped the exports of American goods and prohibited all U.S. ships from leaving for foreign ports, and was denounced by New England merchants and western and southern farmers alike |
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The declaration of war in 1812 was strongly opposed by |
New England merchants |
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What does NOT describe the state of the country's preparedness for the War of 1812? |
Loyal Americans were eager to give up their civilian jobs to volunteer to fight for the cause of their nation |
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What was a notable British victory in the War of 1812? |
The capture and burning of Washington, D.C. |
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New Englanders persistently defied the American cause in the war by |
refusing to release their militias for national duty, boycotting government loans, and continuing to trade with Canada and furnishing supplies to the British fleet |
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The Treaty of Ghent represented |
a return to conditions as they were prior to the war |
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During _____'s term in office the power of the Supreme Court was increased |
Jefferson |
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______'s administration was the beginning of popular government in the U.S. |
Jefferson |
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An indirect source of the crisis that led to the War of 1812 was the |
constant demand for more and more land by southern and western expansionists |
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first to declare act of Congress unconstitutional |
John Marshall |
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led "Revolution of 1800" |
Thomas Jefferson |
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President Jefferson's secretary of state |
James Madison |
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sold Louisiana Territory to U.S. |
Napoleon |
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explored the Louisiana Territory and points West |
Lewis and Clark |
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President Jefferson's secretary of treasury |
Albert Gallatin |
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a Federalist judge who wanted his commission granted |
William Macbury |
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won the Battle of New Orleans against the British |
Andrew Jackson |
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War Hawks leaders |
Calhoun and Clay |
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won the Battle of Lake Erie |
Oliver Hazard Perry |
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bought an empire instead of a city |
Monroe and Livingston |
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The policy that European Nations should not interfere with America was known as the |
Monroe Doctrine |
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The power of the federal government increased at the expense of the states became as far-reaching decisions of the |
Supreme Court |
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The ___ sought to regain their market for manufacturers in America by reducing the cost of their goods |
British |
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Many struggling American industries declared |
bankruptcy |
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Two broad goals achieved by the decisions written by Marshall were strengthening of the ____ and the establishing the importance of the ___ |
federal government and Supreme Court |
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The U.S. acquired Florida from Spain by |
treaty |
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The European powers viewed the Monroe Doctrine at that time as |
unimportant |
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The settlers in the West did not want to send their produce back to the East over the expensive ___ |
turnpikes |
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The Erie Canal cut the travel time between Buffalo and Albany from 20 days to ___ days and reduced the freight rates by ____ per ton |
8 and 90 percent |
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List 4 points of the Monroe Doctrine |
The U.S. wouldn't take part in foreign wars, would not interfere with European colonies, the American continents were not subjected to future colonization by any European powers, and any attempts made by the Europeans to further colonize America would be viewed as a threat to the U.S.'s peace and safety |
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Most settlers moved westward after the War of 1812 because: ___, ___ |
there was plenty of cheap land and the Indians had been brought under control |
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succeeded James Madison as president |
James Monroe |
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opposed the Tariff of 1816 |
Daniel Webster |
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pushed Spain to cede Florida to the U.S. |
Andrew Jackson |
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proposed construction of the Erie Canal |
DeWitt Clinton |
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strengthened the influence of the Supreme Court |
John Marshall |
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supported the Tariff of 1816 |
John C. Calhoun |
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the secretary of state who supported the Monroe Doctrine |
John Quincy Adams |
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A sharp sudden rise in prices resulting in a too great expansion in paper money or bank credit |
inflation |
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to make void |
nullify |
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buying or selling when there is a large risk with the hopes of making a profit from future price changes |
speculation |
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a person who settles on land without title or right |
squatter |
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the system or practice in which public offices were awarded to supporters of the winning party |
spoils system |
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prior to 1863-64, a bank operation with insufficient capital to redeem its circulating notes |
wildcat bank |
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preferred low protective tariffs and favored western expansion with slavery |
South |
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wanted land available on easy terms and wanted financing for roads and canals |
West |
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favored the national bank and wanted higher tariffs |
Northeast |
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The election of 1824 was a ___ contest |
sectional |
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The 4 men who ran for president in 1824 were |
William H. Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson |
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The 2 political parties that had evolved by 1828 were the |
National Republicans and Democrats |
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Following the Panic of 1819, the people in the West referred to the national bank as the "____" |
Monster |
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Jackson's Indian policy included |
a refusal to use federal troops to protect the Cherokee tribe |
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Jackson's political strength rested on the solid support of the |
people |
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New opportunities for the American people educationally, economically, and politically were opened by |
Jackson |
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Jacksonian democracy had its roots in the |
worth of the individual and basic teaching of God's Word |
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Awarding of cabinet positions by Jackson involved |
patronage |
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What did Jackson's unofficial cabinet become known as? |
"The kitchen cabinet" |
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The Northeast favored restrictions on the sale of public lands because manpower was being lost to the |
Westerners |
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Daniel Webster was ___ sectionalism |
opposed to |
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As Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, John Marshall ___, __, and ___ |
was a strong Federalist and nationalist, supported a relatively broad interpretation of federal power, and delivered a series of the most momentous decisions in American judicial history |
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The Panic of 1819 was caused by |
the rapid expansion of American manufacturing, land speculation in the west, and postwar competition from British manufacturers |
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The political balance between slave and free states as of 1819 was disturbed by |
the petition of the territory of Missouri for admission to the Union as a slave state |
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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 provided that |
Missouri be admitted as a slave state, Maine be admitted as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36* 30' north latitude line, with the exception of Missouri |
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The striking feature of the Jacksonian era was |
an increase in the influence of the common man |
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During the _____ era more white males gained the right to vote than ever before |
Jacksonian |
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The election of 1824 was settled in ______ since none of the four candidates had polled a majority in the electoral college |
The House of Representatives
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______ was the first president who did not come from a well established American family in comfortable circumstances |
Andrew Jackson |
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Jackson opposed the national bank because |
he felt that it allowed eastern businessmen to make money at the expense of farmers |
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The settlers in the West wanted ____ to allow them to ship produce to eastern markets
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internal improvements |
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resigned as Jackson's vice president |
John C. Calhoun |
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succeeded Andrew Jackson as president |
Martin Van Buren |
