Life Span Developmental Psychology

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Vygotsky's concept that people develop understanding and expertise mainly through apprenticeship with more knowledgeable learners

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guided participation

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recording mini-milestones of child development (eg the ages when the child discovers parts of the body, creeps, sits upright, walks)

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baby biography

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in humans, consists of 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, except those that determine sex

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autosomes

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the process of ordinary cell division that results in two cells identical to the parent cell

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mitosis

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reproductive cells (ova, sperm) that are formed by the process of meiosis

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gametes

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traits that are determined by genes on teh 23rd chromosome pair

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sex-linked traits

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alteration in the DNA that typically occurs during mitosis or meisos and is therefore transmitted to subsequent cells through cell division

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mutation

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birth defects; abnormalities that result from genetic and chromosomal problems as well as from exposure to toxins, disease and such during the prenatal period

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congenital anomalies

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ceasing to attend or respond to repetitive stimulation; occurs at several levels, from sensation to perception to higher cognition

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habituation

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unreasonable fear of an object or situation

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phobia

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a procedure in which oly some responses are reinforced or punished; produces much stronger habits than continuous reinforcement

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partial schedules

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one's beliefs and feelings about oneself; defines who a person is

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self-concept

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what a person believes he/she is capable of doing in a give situation

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self-efficacy

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interaction of components-such as everyday physical and social settings, parenting and family customs, and the overall environment context-that determines the unique world of each person

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developmental niche

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individual environmental factors that do no occur at any predictable time in a person'a life (divorce, unemployment, career change)

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nonnormative influences

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photograph of a cell's chromosomes arranged in pairs according to size

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karyotype

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the extent to which a trait is inherited vs acquired, thus presuming a genetic basis; note that it estimates the influence of environment

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heritability

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ceasing to attend or respond to repetitive stimulation, occurs at several levels, from sensation to perception to higher cognition

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habituation

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muted gene on chromosome 15, only from father, affect function of hypothalamus, inappropriate laughter

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angelman syndrome

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mutated gene on 7th chromosome, involves endocrine gland on pancreas, excess mucous, early death

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cystic fibrosis

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carried by dominant gene on 4th chromosome, causes early dementia, random jerking movt, staggering walk; appears after 35 yrs

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huntington disease

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defective gene on chromosome 12, fail to synthesize certain enzyme, given substitute protein formula

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Phenylketonuria PKU

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defected gene on chromosome 15, affect function of hypothalamus, only from mother

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Prader-Willi syndrome

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defective gene of chromosome 11, mishapen red blood cells, sticky blood, anemic, pain

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Sickle cell anemia

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European Jews, defective gene on chromosome 15, early infant death from brain degeneration

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Tay-Sachs disease

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sex-linked genetic disorder, genetic replication error, x chromosome prone to breakage, atypical behavior, most common hereditary disorder

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fragile x

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most common autosomal, most common is trisomy 21, incidence increases with mothers age over 35

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down's syndrome

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a child's genetic makeup included features no present in either parent

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mutation

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chromosomal pattern of XXY

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Klinefelter's syndrome

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number of different kinds of cells in human body

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over 200

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identical twins

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monozygotic

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withdrawal/analysis of cells from membrane surrounding fetus, quicker than amniocentesis

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chorionic villus sampling

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neonate who weighs less than 5lbs 8oz

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small-for-date

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infant born before gestation period of 35 weeks

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preterm status

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the characteristic beliefs, attitudes, and ways of interacting

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personality

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characterized by anger and avoidance of the mother

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resistant attachment

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characterized by ambivalence (+ and - feelings) toward the mother

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avoidant attachment

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characterized by contradictory behavior and confusion toward mother

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disorganized/disoriented attachment

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first critical developmental issue that is resolved in the first year of life, Erikson

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trust vs mistrust

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second critical developmental issue, resolved 2-3 yo, Erikson

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autonomy vs shame/doubt

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failure of caregiver to respond/care for a child, often unintentional

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child neglect

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condition that may result from malnutrition or unresponsive caregiving in which infants are small (<3%) for age, appear emaciated, unable to digest properly

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failure-to-thrive syndrome (FTT)