Krosse's Social Studies Ogt Review

Front 1

The use of atomic weapons at the end of World War II fostered fears about their potential use during the Cold War years.
These fears were critical in determining the U.S. response to
A. the Marshall Plan.
B. the Berlin Blockade.
C. the Cuban Missile Crisis.
D. the independence movement in India.

Back 1

C. the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Front 2

A political action committee produces a television commercial that criticizes past actions of a candidate for president.
The advertisement could be a credible source of information if the claims in the advertisement
A. rely on the use of stereotypes.
B. are based on unstated assumptions.
C. are consistent with other credible sources of information.
D. are presented in a manner that is clear and easy to understand.

Back 2

C. are consistent with other credible sources of information.

Front 3

What perspective of African-Americans was reflected in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909?
A. the desire for a return to their cultural heritage
B. the need to improve working conditions in factories
C. the desire to end legalized discrimination based on race
D. the belief in the importance of building a new country in Africa

Back 3

C. the desire to end legalized discrimination based on race

Front 4

Freedom of assembly is guaranteed by the First Amendment, but assemblies may legally be broken up when protesters
A. attempt to disrupt public safety.
B. publicly oppose U.S. foreign policy.
C. express opinions that are controversial.
D. are members of a religious organization.

Back 4

A. attempt to disrupt public safety.

Front 5

Which source of information would be the most credible (least biased) in determining the durability of various brands of computers?
A. a salesman at a computer products store
B. a neighbor who works for a computer manufacturing company
C. a television advertisement for the most popular brand of computer
D. an independent survey of consumers who have purchased computers

Back 5

D. an independent survey of consumers who have purchased computers

Front 6

In the United Nations Charter, member nations pledge to “unite our strength to maintain international peace and security.” Since ratification of its charter following World War II, the primary goal of the United Nations has been to
A. restore world trade disrupted by World War II.
B. encourage industrial growth begun during World War II.
C. establish policies to help nations pay World War II debts.
D. intervene in world conflicts to prevent another war such as World War II.

Back 6

D. intervene in world conflicts to prevent another war such as World War II.

Front 7

Which action could the U.S. government employ to protect U.S. automobile manufacturers from foreign competition?
A. increase taxes on the production of U.S. automobiles
B. create free trade agreements with automobile-producing countries
C. increase tariffs and import restrictions on foreign automobiles
D. implement stricter control of competition among U.S. automobile manufacturers

Back 7

C. increase tariffs and import restrictions on foreign automobiles

Front 8

Religious diversity in the United States has increased in the last fifty years. One factor that has contributed to this increase has been an increase in
A. emigration to Africa.
B. immigration from Asia.
C. immigration from Australia.
D. emigration to South America.

Back 8

B. immigration from Asia.

Front 9

Many Latin American nations gained their independence early in the 19th century. The relationship between the people and their government changed. Slavery existed under colonial governments, but some of the new nations, such as Haiti, did not permit slavery. The abolition of slavery was based on Enlightenment ideas of
A. liberty as a natural right of man.
B. separation of governmental powers.
C. personal rights as less important than civil order.
D. the authority of absolute monarchs.

Back 9

A. liberty as a natural right of man.

Front 10

When considering the reliability of a report that promotes hybrid gas-electric cars as environmentally friendly, what should be carefully considered?
A. the length of the report
B. the cost of producing the report
C. the number of claims in the report
D. the accurate use of facts in the report

Back 10

D. the accurate use of facts in the report

Front 11

One way the U.S. Constitution evolves is through the amendment process. How were the changes that occurred as a result of the ratification of the 19th and 26th Amendments similar?
A. Large groups of people gained the right to vote.
B. The right of individuals to bear arms was restricted.
C. The powers of the federal government were expanded.
D. The separation of church and state was more clearly defined.

Back 11

A. Large groups of people gained the right to vote.

Front 12

In 1960, 8.9 million acres of land in northeast Alaska were designated as the Arctic National Wildlife Range. In 1980, legislation doubled the size of the Range and renamed it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). In recent years, attempts have been made to open part of the ANWR to oil exploration. The reason for this proposal is that the
A. need for oil has decreased.
B. population of the region has increased.
C. environmental features of the region have changed.
D. perceived economic value of the region has changed.

Back 12

D. perceived economic value of the region has changed.

Front 13

One way absolute monarchies are similar to dictatorships is that citizens under both systems of government typically
A. can elect new leadership by voting in elections.
B. have greater freedoms than citizens in democracies.
C. can amend their constitutions by gathering signatures on petitions.
D. must engage in revolution in order to achieve governmental change.

Back 13

D. must engage in revolution in order to achieve governmental change.

Front 14

A city council member believes that installing more trash cans along city streets will help reduce the city’s litter problem.
This thesis could be supported by data showing that
A. the city’s litter problem has gotten worse in recent years.
B. most city residents consider the litter problem to be serious.
C. people use trash cans if they are readily available.
D. there is enough money in the city budget to pay for the trash cans.

Back 14

C. people use trash cans if they are readily available.

Front 15

Which statement correctly describes the role of the government in a country with a mixed economy?
A. The government allows economic decisions to be made by the society’s traditions and customs.
B. The government makes all decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods.
C. The government makes some production and distribution decisions, but other economic decisions are made by individuals.
D. The government exercises no decision making in economic matters; production and distribution are determined solely by individuals.

Back 15

C. The government makes some production and distribution decisions, but other economic decisions are made by individuals.

Front 16

Britain and France suffered heavy casualties during World War I.
Because of this, when faced with Axis expansion before World War II, these countries were
A. unwilling to take actions that might start another war.
B. prepared to use military intervention wherever necessary.
C. dependent on the United States to intervene in an international crisis.
D. reluctant to call upon the League of Nations to settle disputes.

Back 16

A. unwilling to take actions that might start another war.

Front 17

Which factor contributed to increased migration of people among regions of the United States in the second half of the 20th century?
A. new restrictions on immigration from Asia
B. increases in the number of small family farms
C. the construction of the Interstate Highway system
D. increased immigration from Northern and Western Europe

Back 17

C. the construction of the Interstate Highway system

Front 18

In 1943, 15 percent of the shipyard workers in San Francisco were Chinese-Americans. Before this, they had been largely confined to working in restaurants and laundries. The switch in occupations was due, in large part, to the
A. shipbuilding skills of Chinese-Americans.
B. increased availability of higher education for immigrants.
C. increased labor union restrictions against Chinese-American workers.
D. massive need for workers to build ships during World War II.

Back 18

D. massive need for workers to build ships during World War II.

Front 19

The primary feature of a dictatorship is that
A. people are permitted to vote for more than one candidate.
B. the executive branch has equal power with the legislative branch.
C. judicial courts are replaced by military courts.
D. leaders make decisions without the consent of the people.

Back 19

D. leaders make decisions without the consent of the people.

Front 20

In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels.
This was an attempt to
A. maintain poll taxes for African-Americans.
B. stop African-American northward migration.
C. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws.
D. segregate public busing in major American cities.

Back 20

C. end segregation legalized by Jim Crow laws.

Front 21

When the government builds interstate highways, citizens can be forced (under the principle of eminent domain) to sell private land that lies in the path of the highway. The reason for this is that the property rights of individuals are balanced by
A. the government’s need to raise tax revenues.
B. the need to enforce laws against libel and slander.
C. the need to guarantee equal opportunities to all citizens.
D. a compelling government interest in providing public services.

Back 21

D. a compelling government interest in providing public services.

Front 22

What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?
A. use of child labor in the workplace
B. unfair taxes on the wealthy
C. restrictions on the use of natural resources
D. lack of capital for railroad expansion

Back 22

A. use of child labor in the workplace

Front 23

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty designed to remove tariffs and other trade barriers between Canada, Mexico and the United States. This helped establish an economic region among those nations because
A. participants enlarged their dependence on domestic markets.
B. participants terminated trade relationships with other regions.
C. participants imposed tariffs on goods imported from other countries.
D. trade among participants increased, making their economies more interdependent.

Back 23

D. trade among participants increased, making their economies more interdependent.

Front 24

In the 1960s and 1970s, Hispanic-American farm workers in the United States believed their employers were failing to provide reasonable wages and working conditions like those received by other American workers.
For this reason, Hispanic-American farm workers
A. urged the exportation of agricultural produce.
B. organized the United Farm Workers Association.
C. encouraged farm producers to lower prices.
D. opposed passage of anti-discrimination laws.

Back 24

B. organized the United Farm Workers Association.

Front 25

How did the political systems in Africa change as a result of European colonialism in the 19th century?
A. Opportunities for self-rule increased.
B. Administrative units were set up along ethnic lines.
C. Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened.
D. Administrative units became smaller for better control.

Back 25

C. Traditional forms of tribal authority were weakened.

Front 26

As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to
A. control economic cycles of inflation and recession.
B. provide money for public services such as schools and libraries.
C. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts.
D. prevent companies from moving their factories to other countries.

Back 26

C. restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts.

Front 27

The growth of suburbs has caused the economic value of land around many U.S. cities to increase. One result of this increase in land value has been a decrease in
A. U.S. food production for export.
B. the availability of agricultural labor in urban regions.
C. the construction of roads, water lines and sewer lines.
D. the amount of land available for farming.

Back 27

D. the amount of land available for farming.

Front 28

A town’s mayor believes that she can reduce crime by providing some police officers with bicycles.
Which statement would help support this thesis?
A. Sales tax revenues will be used to pay for the bicycles.
B. Bicycle police require several weeks of extra training.
C. Other towns with bicycle police have reduced crime rates.
D. Bicycle theft is the leading property crime in the town.

Back 28

C. Other towns with bicycle police have reduced crime rates.

Front 29

In the early 20th century, many African-Americans moved from the South to cities in the North. This “Great Migration” helped stimulate a flowering of artistic talent by African-Americans in New York known as the Harlem Renaissance. One way in which the Harlem Renaissance was significant was that it
A. reduced racial tensions in the northern cities.
B. led to a decline in activity by the Ku Klux Klan.
C. led to a relaxation of restrictions on African-Americans in the South.
D. contributed to the recognition of African-American culture.

Back 29

D. contributed to the recognition of African-American culture.

Front 30

What was the perspective of women who founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966?
A. Women wanted to receive equal pay and opportunities for advancement in the workplace.
B. Women were afraid of being forced to work in physically challenging jobs.
C. Women were angry at the prospect of having to serve in the military.
D. Women wanted to gain the right to vote and to own property.

Back 30

A. Women wanted to receive equal pay and opportunities for advancement in the workplace.

Front 31

In 1950, New York City was the only city in the world with a population of more than ten million people. By 2000, there were nineteen cities with populations of over ten million people. One reason for this increase in urbanization was
A. a decrease in birthrates around the world.
B. the spread of industrialization around the world.
C. an increase in air pollution in industrialized areas.
D. the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

Back 31

B. the spread of industrialization around the world.

Front 32

U.S. government enforcement of environmental regulations helps reduce health problems related to environmental pollution.
How does this help promote economic growth and stability?
A. It decreases the size of the available workforce.
B. It creates new productive resources.
C. It reduces the cost of raw materials for manufacturers.
D. It lowers health care costs for individuals and businesses.

Back 32

D. It lowers health care costs for individuals and businesses.

Front 33

In 1898, U.S. support for Cuban independence led to war with Spain and contributed to the United States becoming an imperial power.
What was a decisive factor in the decision to go to war?
A. the opportunity to annex Hawaii
B. the desire to acquire a naval base
C. the protection of U.S. commerce and trade
D. the need for a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Back 33

C. the protection of U.S. commerce and trade

Front 34

In 1959, rebel forces led by Fidel Castro overthrew the government of Cuba. Castro’s communist dictatorship seized privately owned farms and factories. People who spoke out against the government were imprisoned. From the 1960s through the 1980s, many people fled from Cuba to the United States.
Based on these conditions, the reasons for this migration were
A. health concerns.
B. economic concerns.
C. environmental concerns.
D. racial concerns.

Back 34

B. economic concerns.

Front 35

Some Internet search engines offer the ability to automatically translate Web pages that are written in languages other than English.
One effect of this feature is to
A. reduce the desire for international trade.
B. reduce the need for modern computer technology.
C. increase the need for instruction in foreign languages.
D. increase opportunities for exchanges of cultural practices.

Back 35

D. increase opportunities for exchanges of cultural practices.

Front 36

The graphs on the previous page could be used to support which thesis?
A. After 1975, there was an increase in bank profits.
B. After 1975, there was a decrease in the number of bank employees.
C. After 1985, there was a decrease in the number of bank branches.
D. After 1985, there was an increase in mergers between banks.

Back 36

D. After 1985, there was an increase in mergers between banks.

Front 37

Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau challenged the idea of the divine right of kings. They wrote about a government’s obligations to uphold people’s rights and how the government should be based on the consent of the governed.
These new ideas encouraged people to
A. remain firm in their support of absolute monarchs.
B. look for leaders who would exercise dictatorial powers.
C. engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments.
D. call for church leaders to create theocracies and replace the monarchies.

Back 37

C. engage in revolutions to establish democratic governments.

Front 38

What was the effect of the passage of Jim Crow laws in the United States in the late 19th century?
A. Racial segregation was required by law in southern states.
B. Native Americans were moved onto reservations.
C. Restrictions were placed on business monopolies.
D. Women were denied the right to vote in national elections.

Back 38

A. Racial segregation was required by law in southern states.

Front 39

In the years following World War II, the countries of communist Eastern Europe were often referred to as being “behind the iron curtain.”
These countries were perceived as a single region based on
A. a common cultural heritage.
B. unique physical features.
C. economic and political characteristics.
D. widespread immigration from other regions.

Back 39

C. economic and political characteristics.

Front 40

In an election campaign, voters receive letters describing each candidate’s position on the issues.
These letters might be considered credible sources of information if they
A. identify the writer so that his/her qualifications and reputation may be evaluated.
B. use stereotypes effectively in describing the candidates.
C. avoid references to other sources of information about the candidates.
D. avoid presenting facts that would confuse the reader.

Back 40

A. identify the writer so that his/her qualifications and reputation may be evaluated.

Front 41

In the 19th century, many Americans considered Native Americans to be inferior to people of European ancestry. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans.
One consequence of this discrimination was that many Native Americans were
A. displaced from their homelands.
B. forced to maintain their cultural heritage.
C. prevented from trading with European settlers.
D. persecuted for killing buffalo on the Great Plains.

Back 41

A. displaced from their homelands.

Front 42

In the 19th century, European countries claimed that the conquest of Africa would bring the benefits of Western civilization to that continent.
From the perspective of African peoples, the effect was
A. loss of political independence.
B. fewer agricultural products for foreign trade.
C. new national boundaries based on ethnic and cultural similarities.
D. global appreciation for African cultures and encouragement of their development.

Back 42

A. loss of political independence.

Front 43

In order to decide which writers’ opinions are most credible on a particular subject, a reader should look for writers who
A. have written on many different topics.
B. express conclusions consistent with information.
C. use stereotypes to support their claims.
D. write with simple words and short sentences.

Back 43

B. express conclusions consistent with information.

Front 44

Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?
A. Unions were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers.
B. Union membership was required for employment in new industries.
C. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce.
D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.

Back 44

D. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.

Front 45

The burning of draft cards by those who objected to the Vietnam War is an example of civil disobedience because it was an action that
A. was protected by the U.S. Constitution.
B. was intended to draw the attention of the media.
C. violated a law that the protesters considered to be unjust.
D. expressed a point of view that was unpopular at the time.

Back 45

C. violated a law that the protesters considered to be unjust.

Front 46

Beginning in the late 19th century, many Jewish people immigrated to Palestine in the hope of eventually establishing a Jewish state. In 1948, Israel became an independent country. In the following years, Arab and Israeli armies fought several wars.
A major reason for this conflict was that Arab countries
A. feared Israeli urbanization would ruin their agriculture.
B. believed Israel was created on lands belonging to Palestinians.
C. believed Israel supported the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
D. were angered by the refusal of Israel to enter into trade agreements.

Back 46

B. believed Israel was created on lands belonging to Palestinians.