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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unstructured Programming
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The most elementary method of programming in which any line of code may be executed if the logic dictates that action. It becomes unwieldy once the program grows in size and complexity.Pr
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Procedural Programming
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Provides a means to make a program modular by grouping statements that perform a specific task together.
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Parameters
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Allows a procedure to work with different data and be able to produce varied results.
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
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A complex programming method, which uses the concept of objects and their interactions to design applications and computer programs.
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Attributes
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Characteristics of an object
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Behaviors
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Actions an object can perform
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Object
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An instance of a class
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Class
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Defines what actions an object can perform and what data it can store
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Encapsulation
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Conceals the functional details of a class from the user.
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Inheritance
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When a class possesses characteristics and behaviors from another class.
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Polymorphism
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Allows you to treat subclasses just like their parent class's members but achieve a different result.
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Assembly Language
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Known as a second generation, low level, earliest programming language. Is also closest to the native machine code used by CPU.
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Assembler
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The tool that converts assembly language to machine code so CPU can execute the instructions.
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Small, fast
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Assembled programs tend to be very _____________, and very ___________.
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Knowledge, machine
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Programmers require a detailed _________________ of how the CPU works since programs are __________________ dependent in an assembled program.
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Source code
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Assembled programs ________________ tend to be long and difficult to understand and follow.
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Compiled Languages
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A third generation high level programming language that is easier to learn and are not CPU specific.
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Compiling
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The process of taking compiler language statements and converting them to machine code
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Executable
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The result of either compiling or assembling the source code into a compiled or assembled program
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Compilers
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Many _____________ will catch programming errors and warn the programmer of actual or potential problems that could lead to incorrect results or a system crash.
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Compiled
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The speed at which a _____________ program executes on a computer is usually slower than the equivalent assembly language program.
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Interpreted/scripting languages
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Delays the intermediate step of assembling/compiling which is associated with assembly and compiler languages. Instead, user invokes a interpreter to translate the source code to machine language each time it is run. Considered a high level, third generation programming language.
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Interpreter
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The _____________ reads the source code statements, parses them, understands them, and executes the necessary machine instructions.
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Interpreters
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The _______________ are useful for small tasks where a compiled program would be overkill
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Interpreters
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___________________ execution is much slower compared to assembly and compiler programs.
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Interpreters
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_________________ require a source code on the computer.
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Interpreters
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_________________ are not suitable for large scale, complex tasks.
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Interpreted Languages
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________________________ rarely interact with specialized functions of hardware/software.
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Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation
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Blurs the lines between compiler languages and interpreted languages. Considered a high level, third generation programming language.
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Java
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Compiled to Java byte code and is interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine
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Just In Time Compilation
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Code can be recompiled at anytime including at execute time and can run on any platform for which a VM exists
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Just In Time Compilation
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Code can be recompiled at anytime including at execute time and can run on any platform for which a VM exists
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Sequential Action
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A linear progression of tasks.
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Just In Time Compilation
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Code can be recompiled at anytime including at execute time and can run on any platform for which a VM exists
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Sequential Action
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A linear progression of tasks.
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Branches
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A selection between different courses of action and use Boolean logic
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Loops
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A repetition structure that can potentially process the same sequence of statements multiple times. Use Boolean logic
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Branches
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Provides one or more paths of execution for the program to follow
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Input/ output
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Is used as a parallelogram in a flow chart and acquires data from a user or display data to a user.
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Decision
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Is used as a diamond for branches in a flow chart
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Pseudocode
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A tool that uses a structured, natural, language to abstract the technical details and programming syntax away from reader leaving a clear picture of the logical processes necessary to solve a problem.
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Pseudocode
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A tool that uses a structured, natural, language to abstract the technical details and programming syntax away from reader leaving a clear picture of the logical processes necessary to solve a problem.
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For
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Statements described as the Counting Loop.
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g++ |
The C++ compiler that is used to compile C++ source code files
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g++ |
The C++ compiler that is used to compile C++ source code files
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Stages of Compilation
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Pre processor
Compilation Assembly Linking |
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Pre processor
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Combines multiple source code and include files into one logical file then performs other actions that are indicated by a # in the source code
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Pre processor
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Combines multiple source code and include files into one logical file then performs other actions that are indicated by a # in the source code
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Compilation
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Output from pre processor that is converted to assembly language
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Pre processor
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Combines multiple source code and include files into one logical file then performs other actions that are indicated by a # in the source code
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Compilation
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Output from pre processor that is converted to assembly language
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Assembly
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Object code (machine code) is generated from the output of the compilation stage
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Pre processor
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Combines multiple source code and include files into one logical file then performs other actions that are indicated by a # in the source code
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Compilation
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Output from pre processor that is converted to assembly language
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Assembly
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Object code (machine code) is generated from the output of the compilation stage
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Linking
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Takes object code and links together any third party libraries of pre written code producing an executable file.
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Pre processor
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Combines multiple source code and include files into one logical file then performs other actions that are indicated by a # in the source code
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Compilation
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Output from pre processor that is converted to assembly language
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Assembly
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Object code (machine code) is generated from the output of the compilation stage
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Linking
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Takes object code and links together any third party libraries of pre written code producing an executable file.
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Iostream library
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Include this library to do input and output functions
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Parts of a program
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Declarations
Input Processing Output |
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Parts of a program
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Declarations
Input Processing Output |
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==
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Comparison operator
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Parts of a program
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Declarations
Input Processing Output |
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==
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Comparison operator
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=
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Assignment operator
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Parts of a program
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Declarations
Input Processing Output |
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==
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Comparison operator
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=
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Assignment operator
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&&
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Logical AND
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Parts of a program
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Declarations
Input Processing Output |
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==
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Comparison operator
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=
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Assignment operator
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&&
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Logical AND
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||
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Logical OR
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!
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Logical NOT
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!
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Logical NOT
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Operators
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Used in C++ to perform several different actions to include memory, logical, bit wise, and mathematic operations
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!
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Logical NOT
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Operators
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Used in C++ to perform several different actions to include memory, logical, bit wise, and mathematic operations
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Single Line Comment
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//
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!
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Logical NOT
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Operators
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Used in C++ to perform several different actions to include memory, logical, bit wise, and mathematic operations
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Single Line Comment
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//
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Multiple Line Comment
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/* start
*/ stop |
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String
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A special object that holds a series of characters
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Array
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A concept that groups data of the same type in adjacent or contiguous memory locations.
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Array
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A concept that groups data of the same type in adjacent or contiguous memory locations.
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Concentating
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Process of joining two or more strings together.
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\n
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Represents a newline character similar to std::endl
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\n
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Represents a newline character similar to std::endl
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\t
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Represents a tan character
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\n
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Represents a newline character similar to std::endl
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\t
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Represents a tan character
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+=
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Increments
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\n
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Represents a newline character similar to std::endl
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\t
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Represents a tan character
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+=
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Increments
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-=
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Decrements
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\n
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Represents a newline character similar to std::endl
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\t
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Represents a tan character
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+=
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Increments
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-=
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Decrements
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*=
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Multiplies
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/=
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Divides
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/=
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Divides
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++
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Increments
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/=
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Divides
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++
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Increments
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--
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Decrements
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Pointers
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Handle large amounts of data; value is the address of a variable ; functionality prevents duplicates of data in memory resulting in a significant reduction in processing time
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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Heap
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Dynamically allocated memory
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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Heap
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Dynamically allocated memory
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Data
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Holds global and static variables which exist throughout the life of the program
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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Heap
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Dynamically allocated memory
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Data
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Holds global and static variables which exist throughout the life of the program
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Text
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Stores the Compiled code of the currently running program
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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Heap
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Dynamically allocated memory
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Data
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Holds global and static variables which exist throughout the life of the program
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Text
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Stores the Compiled code of the currently running program
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Stack
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If they should ever meet, a ____________ or heap based buffer overflow will occur
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&
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Means address of and returns the address in memory where the variable is stored.
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Stack
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Memory used by non static local variables explicitly declared in a program.
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Heap
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Dynamically allocated memory
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Data
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Holds global and static variables which exist throughout the life of the program
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Text
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Stores the Compiled code of the currently running program
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Stack
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If they should ever meet, a ____________ or heap based buffer overflow will occur
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Dynamic memory allocation
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Contiguous blocks of memory from the heap
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