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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define hydrocarbon |
An organic compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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Define main chain |
The longest chain of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule and can be either cyclic or non-cyclic |
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What is the main chain of hydrocarbons? |
Hydrocarbons consist of a mainchain of carbon atoms bonded together |
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How is the nomenclature of hydrocarbon determined? |
The Nomenclature of hydrocarbons is mainly determined by the number of carbon atom present in the main chain , and bonding that exists between the carbon atoms |
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Define carbon |
Carbon is an element with four electrons in its valence energy level. It’s covalently bonds with other items such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, halogen, and itself |
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What does prefix, suffix, locant and substituents shows ? |
Prefix shows how many carbons are in the main chain. Suffix indicates the type of bonding between the carbons Locants used to pinpoint the location of double and triple bonds in organic compound. The location of the multiple bond is indicated by the lower number of two carbon atoms in the bond. Substitute are branches off the mainchain |
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State the prefixes 1-10 |
Back (Definition) |
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State the: suffix and general formula of the single, double and triple bond |
Single: -ane and CnH2n+2 Double: -ene and CnH2n Triple: -yne and CnH2n-2 |
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How to make the name of the compound with the nomenclature if the compound have 2 substituent, 2 or more bond on the main chain? |
1-(Lowest number of substituent) and if there’s 2-more substituent then the number must be stated as well from low-high order. If both substituent is on the same carbon then the number of that carbon must be repeated. Note: careful if the substituents are the same as you might need to use the multiplier(Di,tri,tetra,penta) 2 - name of the substituent (with prefix -yl). Note: if there are different types of substituent then it must be numbered from low to high and named alphabeticaly 3 - prefix of main chain 4- number of the double or triple bond 5 - suffix (with reference to the bond from #4) |
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How to name a cyclic hydrocarbon |
1- Prefix includes cyclo Eg. cyclohexane 2 - assigning carbon 1depends on the position of any multiple bonds and substituents, which are given the lowest number according to the rules from nomenclature. If there’s a double or triple bond then it must be between carbon 1 and 2 because it is the suffix and has greatest priority. |
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What are some examples of functional groups? |
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl and Carboxyl |
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Define functional group |
Functional group are an atom or a group of atoms in an organic compound that determines the reactivity of that compound |
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What is hydroxyl? |
A functional group consisting of an (-O-H) group which is an oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms joined by a single bond |
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What alcohols mean in chemistry? |
A class of organic compound that contains the hydroxyl functional group. It can be either: • primary - alcohol is in which the carbon that is bonded to the hydroxyl group is only bonded to one other carbon. The hydroxyl group is located on the end of a carbon chain. • secondary - Are alcohol in which the carbon that is bonded to the hydroxyl group is a bonded to 2 other carbons. The hydroxyl group is located in the middle of the main chain. •tertiary alcohols - are alcohols in which the carbon that is bonded to the hydroxyl group is bonded to 3 other carbons........The hydroxyl is located in the middle of the main chain that also has hydrocarbon substituents. |
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What are the two classes of organic compounds That contain the carbonyl functional group? What is the difference between the two? |
Aldehydes and ketones - have carbonyl functional group that have different locations on the mainchain Aldehyde have carbonyl group on the end of the main chain Ketones have a carbonyl group within the main chain |
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How to name the alcohol group? |
1 - identify the main chain 2- omit final letter e 3 - add locant number of the OH group 4- add ol as suffix |
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How to name an Aldehyde? |
Aldehyde 1- identify The main chain 2- Omit final letter e 3 - add al as suffix Note: no need to indicate the position of the carbonyl functional group with a number because the carbonyl group is always on carbon 1 |
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How to name a Ketone? |
Ketone 1 - identify the main chain 2 - omit final letter e 3 - state the # of Carbonyl group in the main chain 4 - Add one as the suffix Eg. Hexan-2-one |
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What is a carbonyl group? |
A functional group consisting of an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon in the main Chain C=O or -CO- |
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What is Carboxyl? |
A functional group consisting of a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon of a Carbonyl group (-COOH) |
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What is Carboxylic acid? |
A class of organic compound a contains a Carboxyl functional group. The chain containing the COOH group becomes the main chain and the Carboxyl carbon is carbon 1.
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How to name a Carboxylic acid? |
1 -Count the carbons in the chain containing the Carboxylic acid 2 - omit the final e of the parent hydro carbon 3 - add the oic acid Note: the Carboxyl carbon is numbered one but do not include the locant for the COOH group in the name. Eg. Butanoic acid |
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What is esters? |
A class of organic compound that contain a carbonyl attached to an oxygen, which is bonded to another carbon
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How to name an ester? |
1 -assign the carbon in the carbonyl functional group as carbon 1 2 - Count the number of carbon in the chain attached to the carbonyl group, name the chain and add the suffix oate 3- count the number of carbons in the chain attached to the oxygen, name chain and add suffix yl Note: neither part of the name requires locants. However, any order some substituent would need a locant |
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Name the compound above |
Methyl butanoate |
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What is Alkyl group? |
A group formed by removing a hydrogen from an alkane and can be present as a substituent in an organic compound - it’s represented as R and one or more hydrogen are replaced by this. |
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What is amines? |
A class of organic compound that contains a nitrogen atom bonded to 3 other groups either hydrogen atoms or alkyl group - their names include the suffix amine - can be primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of alkyl groups bonded to the other nitrogen atom |
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How to name an amine? |
1 - identify and name each alkyl group 2 - place each alkyl group in alphabetical order, and use multipliers if necessary 3 - add the suffix amine to the end of the name Note: don’t need to include locants for the alkyl groups because they all stem from the central nitrogen atom |
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Name the compound |
Trimethylamine |
