Carbonyl compounds are the compounds the contain C=O group which is called carbonyl group (double bond oxygen to a carbon). There are many types of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides etc. Aldehydes and ketones are the oxidation products of alcohols. Depending on the alcohol’s structure, the product obtained will be different. Primary alcohols have one carbon and two hydrogen atoms attached will produce aldehyde and then to carboxylic acid in two steps by oxidation. While secondary alcohols have two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom attached will produce ketone by oxidation (Kotz, et al., 2015) Aldehydes, the compounds that the carbonyl group has a hydrogen atom attached to it together with either a second hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group. Ketones are the compounds that two hydrocarbon groups are attached to the carbonyl-containing carbon. Apparently, the contrast between ketones and aldehydes is the presence of hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group which aldehydes have the hydrogen but not in ketones. The presence of the hydrogen atom in aldehydes caused it can be oxidized easily. Hence,
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Iodoform, CHI3 is formed in methyl ketone, which gives yellow precipitate when there is a positive reaction. Iodoform test is performed in basic condition as the alpha proton is eliminated in basic condition. The elimination of the alpha proton causes the alpha carbon to be nucleophilic and allows it to attack iodine molecule. The presence of the iodine in the alpha carbon makes the two other hydrogens more acidic, therefore the two hydrogens get attacked by the nucleophilic base until all of them are replaced by the iodine. Then, the bond between carbonyl carbon and the carbon containing the iodine molecules will break and form an acid salt and iodoform which is a yellow precipitate (Razote, et al.,
Iodoform, CHI3 is formed in methyl ketone, which gives yellow precipitate when there is a positive reaction. Iodoform test is performed in basic condition as the alpha proton is eliminated in basic condition. The elimination of the alpha proton causes the alpha carbon to be nucleophilic and allows it to attack iodine molecule. The presence of the iodine in the alpha carbon makes the two other hydrogens more acidic, therefore the two hydrogens get attacked by the nucleophilic base until all of them are replaced by the iodine. Then, the bond between carbonyl carbon and the carbon containing the iodine molecules will break and form an acid salt and iodoform which is a yellow precipitate (Razote, et al.,