Human Growth And Development Ch 1

Front 1

Amniocentesis

Back 1

The process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus

Front 2

Artificial Insemination

Back 2

A process of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a woman's vagina by a physician.

Front 3

Behavioral Genetics

Back 3

The study of the effects of heredity on behavior

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

Rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs.

Front 5

Chorionic Villus Sampling

Back 5

A test used to find genetic defects that involves taking samples of hair like material that surrounds the embryo.

Front 6

Cesarean Delivery

Back 6

A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal.

Front 7

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 7

The substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function.

Front 8

Dizygotic Twin

Back 8

Twins who are produced when two seperate ova are fertilized by two seperate sperm at roughly the same time

Front 9

Dominant Trait

Back 9

The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present

Front 10

Down Syndrome

Back 10

A disorder produced by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair, once referred to as mongolism.

Front 11

Embryonic Stage

Back 11

The period from two to eight weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in the major organs and body systems.

Front 12

Episiotomy

Back 12

An incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass.

Front 13

Fragile X Syndrome

Back 13

A disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation

Front 14

Fertilization

Back 14

The process by which a sperm and an ovum- the male and female gametes, respectively- join to form a single new cell.

Front 15

Fetal Stage

Back 15

The stage that begins at about eight weeks after conception and continues until birth.

Front 16

Fetus

Back 16

A developing child, from eight weeks after conception until birth

Front 17

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Back 17

A disorder caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child

Front 18

Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)

Back 18

A condition in which children display some, although not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

Front 19

Fetal Monitor

Back 19

A device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor

Front 20

Genes

Back 20

The basic unit of genetic information

Front 21

Genotype

Back 21

The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism

Front 22

Genetic counseling

Back 22

The discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders

Front 23

Germinal Stage

Back 23

The first-and shortest- stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first two weeks following conception

Front 24

Homozygous

Back 24

Inheriting from parents similar genes for a given trait

Front 25

Heterozygous

Back 25

Inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait

Front 26

Infertility

Back 26

The inability to conceive after 12 to 18 months of trying to become pregnant

Front 27

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Back 27

A procedure in which a woman's ova are removed from her ovaries, and a man's sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory.

Front 28

Infant Mortality

Back 28

Death within the first year of life

Front 29

Kline Felters Syndrome

Back 29

A disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts

Front 30

Low-birthweight Infants

Back 30

Infants who weigh less than 2500 grams (@51/2lbs) at birth

Front 31

Monozygotic Twins

Back 31

Twins who are genetically identical

Front 32

Multifactorial Transmission

Back 32

The determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed.

Front 33

Neonate

Back 33

The term used for a newborn

Front 34

Phenotype

Back 34

An observable trait; the trait that actually is seen

Front 35

Polygenic Inheritance

Back 35

Inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait

Front 36

Placenta

Back 36

A conduit between the mother and fetus providing nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord

Front 37

Preterm Infants

Back 37

Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants)

Front 38

Postmature Infants

Back 38

Infants still unborn two weeks after the mothers due date

Front 39

Recessive Trait

Back 39

A trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed

Front 40

Sickle-cell Anemia

Back 40

A blood disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells in those who have it.

Front 41

Small-for-gestational-age Infants

Back 41

Infants who bevcause of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90% (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age

Front 42

Stillbirth

Back 42

The delivery of a child who is not alive, occurring in less than 1 delivery in 100

Front 43

Tay-Sachs Disease

Back 43

A disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death, there is no treatment

Front 44

Temperament

Back 44

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual

Front 45

Teratogen

Back 45

An environmental agent, such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produces a birth defect,

Front 46

Ultrasound Sonography

Back 46

A process in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mothers womb to produce an image of the unborn baby; whose size and shape can be assessed

Front 47

Very-low-birthweight Infants

Back 47

Infants who weigh less than 1250 grams (@2.25 lbs) or, regardless of weight have been in the womb less than 30 weeks

Front 48

X-linked Genes

Back 48

Genes that are considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome

Front 49

Zygots

Back 49

The new cell formed by the process of fertilization