Human Genetics Chapter 3

Front 1

The female gamete just before it is fertilized is termed

Back 1

a secondary oocyte

Front 2

The major body part(s) derived from ectoderm is/are

Back 2

1) the nervous system: sensory organs, lens of eye, tooth enamel, pituitary gland

2) skin: hair, nails, glands of the skin

Front 3

Teratogens are substances that

Back 3

cause birth defects

Front 4

A normal oogonium is a(n) _______ cell

Back 4

diploid

Front 5

The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages

Back 5

200 to 600 million

Front 6

the union of a sperm and egg is called a

Back 6

zygote

Front 7

The stem cells from which sperm cells descend are called

Back 7

spermatogonia

Front 8

The partial twinning that led to the births of conjoined twins Abby and Brittany Hensel must have happened during the first two weeks of gestation, because the girls

Back 8

share tissues that descend from ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

Front 9

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can cause

Back 9

spontaneous abortion, prematurity, low birth weight, and stillbirth

Front 10

Which structures are part of the same primary germ layer?

Back 10

muscle, kidneys, dermis

Front 11

After the second meiotic division, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is _______ that of the original parental cell.

Back 11

half

Front 12

the placenta forms about __________ weeks after fertilization

Back 12

10

Front 13

Body parts derived from endoderm include

Back 13

the urinary bladder epithelium, pancreas, and digestive tract lining

Front 14

Centenarians are

Back 14

people who live past 100 years

Front 15

Primary spermatocytes develop from the division of

Back 15

spermatogonia

Front 16

Latika and Jeremiah are thrilled at the ultrasound scan that shows that their fetus appears to be a boy. It is the first time this has shown up on a scan. Latika is likely in her ___ week of pregnancy.

Back 16

twelth

Front 17

The ovary of a newborn girl houses about ___ primary oocyte

Back 17

1,000,000

Front 18

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include

Back 18

impaired intellect

Front 19

The first step in oogenesis is

Back 19

an oogonium accumulates cytoplasm and DNA replicates

Front 20

The head of a sperm contains the

Back 20

DNA

Front 21

__________ prepares sperm for penetration of the oocyte.

Back 21

Capacitation

Front 22

The critical period is

Back 22

the time during development when structures are sensitive to damage from a mutation, toxin, or virus

Front 23

Meiosis in females

Back 23

only completes if an oocyte is fertilized

Front 24

An embryo develops rudiments of all organs by week __ of prenatal development.

Back 24

8

Front 25

During meiosis II in sperm development

Back 25

secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids

Front 26

A bulbourethral gland secretes

Back 26

a mucus-like fluid

Front 27

mitochondria are found in which part of a sperm cell

Back 27

midpiece

Front 28

Human prenatal development takes ___ weeks.

Back 28

38

Front 29

Connective tissues are part of the primordial embryo's

Back 29

mesoderm

Front 30

After meiosis I, the number of chromosomes is _______ that of a somatic cell.

Back 30

half

Front 31

The number of possible chromosome combinations in a human gamete, considering independent assortment but not crossing over, is about

Back 31

8 million

Front 32

The placenta

Back 32

nourishes the fetus and secretes hormones that maintain the pregnancy

Front 33

Body parts derived from endoderm include

Back 33

the urinary bladder epithelium, pancreas, and digestive tract lining

Front 34

Which is a characteristic of seminal fluid?

Back 34

It consists of sperm and secretions

Front 35

The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is

Back 35

hCG

Front 36

Sperm are produced within the

Back 36

seminiferous tubules

Front 37

which gland adds secretions to semen

Back 37

seminal vesicles

Front 38

The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the

Back 38

cervix

Front 39

Starvation in the uterus increases the risk in adulthood of developing

Back 39

heart and blood vessel disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity

Front 40

The female gonads are the

Back 40

ovaries

Front 41

Tanisha and Tawanda are twins but do not look at all alike. They are the result of fertilization of

Back 41

two oocytes by two sperm cells

Front 42

A single-gene disease that can cause symptoms in a fetus is

Back 42

osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 43

A blastomere is a _____ and a blastocyst is _____.

Back 43

cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells

Front 44

The ovary in an adult contains

Back 44

many oocytes in various stages of maturity

Front 45

Erica is 8 years old, but looks as if she is 80. She is thin, with a beaked nose, very little hair, and several diseases that are typically seen in the elderly. She most likely has

Back 45

a segmented progeroid syndrome

Front 46

The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is

Back 46

4

Front 47

Crossing over occurs during

Back 47

prophase I

Front 48

Fertilization usually occurs in the

Back 48

uterine tube

Front 49

Monica takes the drug Accutane throughout her pregnancy, and her child has mental retardation and heart problems, due to the exposure. Accutane is a(n)

Back 49

teratogen

Front 50

Thalidomide is

Back 50

a drug that causes fetal limb defects, but is used to treat leprosy

Front 51

The reason that starvation during prenatal development raises the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic problems in adulthood is that

Back 51

metabolism in the fetus shifts to preserve vital organs, accelerating weight gain in childhood

Front 52

Synapsis occurs during

Back 52

prophase I

Front 53

During the first meiotic division

Back 53

homologous chromosome pairs separate

Front 54

Two oocytes released from the same ovary at the same time and fertilized by two sperm results in

Back 54

dizygotic twins

Front 55

Sperm undergo capacitation

Back 55

in the woman's body

Front 56

which gland adds fluid to semen which protects sperm cells from the acidic environment of the vagina

Back 56

bulbourethal gland

Front 57

Spermatocytes and oocytes are

Back 57

haploid

Front 58

Blastocyst cells that give rise to the embryo's body constitute the

Back 58

inner cell mass

Front 59

At the end of meiosis, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is halved because meiosis consists of

Back 59

two cell divisions, but one DNA replication

Front 60

The inner cell mass

Back 60

gives rise to the embryo

Front 61

The correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I is

Back 61

prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase

Front 62

By the end of meiosis I of oogenesis, an oogonium has become

Back 62

a secondary oocyte and a polar body

Front 63

Body parts derived from mesoderm are the

Back 63

muscle tissue, bone tissue, and internal reproductive organs

Front 64

The male and female reproductive systems of an adult each include

Back 64

gonads, tubes, gametes, hormones and secretions

Front 65

Amniotic fluid

Back 65

protects the embryo against jarring movements

Front 66

Meiosis is necessary because otherwise

Back 66

the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material

Front 67

Amanda is eating a chicken breast, and wonders how many chromosomes are in each somatic cell of the unfortunate bird. She looks it up, 78. Therefore, a sperm or an unfertilized egg from a chicken would contain __ chromosomes.

Back 67

39