Hss Aqa Biology Unit 4 Bioenergetics 2

Front 1

State the word equation for aerobic respiration

Back 1

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Front 2

What are the chemical symbols for glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water molecules?

Back 2

C6H12O6

O2

CO2

H2O

Front 3

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Back 3

Glucose —> lactic acid

Front 4

Why is much less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration than in aerobic respiration?

Back 4

The glucose is not completely oxidised.

(not completely broken down into water and carbon dioxide)

Front 5

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?

Back 5

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Front 6

What is the name given to anaerobic respiration in yeast cells?

Back 6

Fermentation

Front 7

Why is fermentation in yeast economically important?

Back 7

Because it is used in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

CO2 is a product of anaerobic respiration and causes bread to rise

Alcohol is a product of anaerobic respiration.

Front 8

Cellular respiration is continuously occurring in living cells. What type of a reaction is it?

Back 8

It is an exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose which is needed in living processes.

Front 9

What do organisms need energy for?

Back 9

Chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones

Movement

Keeping warm

Front 10

Why does the human body have an increased energy demand during exercise?

Back 10

Energy is needed for movement (muscle contraction)

Front 11

What are the 3 things that increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood?

Back 11

Increased heart rate

Increased breathing rate

Increased volume of each breath

Front 12

What is oxygen debt?

Back 12

The amount of oxygen that is needed to break down the lactic acid formed during anaerobic respiration.

Front 13

Higher tier only

What happens to lactic acid?

Back 13

The blood flowing through the muscles takes it to the liver where it is converted back into glucose.

Front 14

Higher tier only

Define oxygen debt.

Back 14

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

Front 15

What happens to the muscles during long periods of vigorous exercise?

Back 15

They become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.

Front 16

Define metabolism

Back 16

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.

Front 17

What is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used for?

Back 17

The continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.

Front 18

Metabolism

What is glucose converted to for use or storage?

Back 18

For use it is converted to:

lipids

amino acids which are then used to make proteins

cellulose which strengthens the cell walls in plants and algae

For storage in plant cells: converted to insoluble starch

For storage in animal cells: converted to glycogen

Front 19

Metabolism

Energy from metabolism is needed to make lipids from.....

Back 19

One molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

Front 20

Metabolism

Energy is required to make amino acids from....

Back 20

Glucose and nitrate ions.

Front 21

What are amino acids used to build

Back 21

Proteins

Front 22

What are excess proteins broken down into?

Back 22

Urea, which is excreted in urine.

Front 23

Metabolism also includes

Back 23

Respiration.

Front 24

Metabolism summary

Name the 4 processes that metabolism includes.

Back 24

Making starch, glycogen and cellulose

Making lipids

Making proteins

Respiration