History- Chapter 21 (Section 2)

Front 1

since the 1789 what has been associated with nationhood

Back 1

liberalism

Front 2

what did nationalism evoke

Back 2

memories of popular movemtns clasing with authoritarian governments

Front 3

wat did napoleon 111 believe about himself

Back 3

his personal rule and developemt of a centralized state

Front 4

how was napoleons constitution modeled

Back 4

after frist french empire
-emperor had control of finance army and foreign affairs

Front 5

what could the assembly only approve

Back 5

legislation drafted by a council of state

Front 6

the regime aimed to put countryside under whose control?

Back 6

political and administravtive thumb of modern state

Front 7

Napoleon lll and his gov't

Back 7

developed the economy and created a utopian faith in bring properity, pol. support and national glory

Front 8

what did the new goverment pass

Back 8

new limited-liabity laws to spur growth
- signed a free-trade treaty with Britain
- supported founded the Credit Mobilier

Front 9

Credit Mobilier

Back 9

investment banking institutions that sold shares publicly
- financed entreprises (railroads,insurance and gas companies). + building of the Suez Canal.

Front 10

what did napoleon III permit?

Back 10

existence of trade unions and legisilation of strikes.

Front 11

best illustration of the second empire's policies was what

Back 11

transoformation of the nation's capital.

Front 12

how many houses had running water in 1850?

Back 12

1 house in 5.
- incentive to rebuild was increased by political concers.

Front 13

who financed the massive rebuild?

Back 13

the Credit Mobilier
- erected 34,000 new buildings ( new hotels w/ new elevators)

Front 14

Arc de Triomphe

Back 14

named after napoleon 1s most fav. general.

Front 15

the new regime drove working class people where?

Back 15

the segrated suburbs.

Front 16

Baron Haussman

Back 16

presided over rebuilding
- considered city to a monument of cleanliness and order.
- other called him an artist of demolition.

Front 17

Benjamin Disraeli

Back 17

-shrewd conservative
- pol. life would be improved by including aristocrats of labor.
- he steered the reform bill of 1867

Front 18

John Stuart Mill

Back 18

brillian, committed and influential defender of personal liberty.
-wrote On liberty and Subjection of Women
- married to Harriet Taylor

Front 19

On liberty

Back 19

considered the classic defense of individual freedom in the face of the state + tyranny of the majority
- defined the texts of western liberalism

Front 20

Subjection of Women

Back 20

- coauthored w/ wife
- essays on womens political rights, law of marriage, and divorece.
- published after the wife died
- international success

Front 21

what did the subjection of women argue towards?

Back 21

women had to b consideed individulas on the same plane as men.
- women's freedome was a measure of soc. progress.

Front 22

what brought women to vote

Back 22

militant suffrage
- WWI

Front 23

the high point of british liberlaism

Back 23

a decade of so after bill of 1867
- accomplished a peaceful restructing of pol. insititutions and social life.

Front 24

casting a ballot vote was a...

Back 24

priveldge granted to certain social groups in return 4 their contributions to + interests in society.

Front 25

Guiseppe Garibaldi

Back 25

guerilla fighter who replaced Mazzini + was exiled twice (US and latin america).
-commiteed to achieving national unification thru a pop. movement.

Front 26

more moderate nationalist sought what?

Back 26

economic and political reforms.

Front 27

Victor Emmanuel II

Back 27

- king of Piedmont- Sardinia
- brought Cavor into his gov't

Front 28

Count Camillo Bensodi Cavour

Back 28

- embodied the conservative vision of nationhood.
- promoted economic expansion + encouraged construction of modern transportation.

Front 29

what did Cavour pursue

Back 29

reforms guided by the state.
- 1st- minister of commerce and agriculture.
- 2nd- prime minister

Front 30

what did Cavour plan depend on

Back 30

diplomacy
- allied w/ napoleonic france

Front 31

France and Italy vs. Austria

Back 31

- 1859
- napoleon iii quickly surrended (impossible to expel austrians from venetia).

Front 32

Revolt of Sicily

Back 32

- Garibaldi volunteer fighters- The Thousand.
-took sicily in name of vicotor emmuanel

Front 33

Revolt of Sicily

Back 33

- Garibaldi volunteer fighters- The Thousand.
-took sicily in name of vicotor emmuanel

Front 34

The thousand

Back 34

embodied the widespread support 4 Italian unification- came from N and S. members of mid. class (artisans + workers).

Front 35

Cavour thought the unification should be under whom

Back 35

Piedmont- Sardinia stewardship
- w/o domestic turmoil or negoiations with other italian cities

Front 36

Franco-Prussian war

Back 36

- compelled napoleon to withdraw his troops from Rome.
- italian troops gained control of it in Sept.

Front 37

Law of Papl Guaranties

Back 37

-passed by the Italian parliament
- defined and limited the pope's status

Front 38

1871 in Italy

Back 38

- was a state.
- minority- spoke italy; majority- used local and regional dialects.
- gap between the industrialized north and the rural south.

Front 39

why was building the Italian nation an on-going process

Back 39

regional differences and social tensions

Front 40

August Ludwig von Rochau

Back 40

-wrote: The Principles of Realpolitik Applied to the Conditions in Germany.
- practical policitcs has to do w/ the fact that powere alone can rule.

Front 41

Rochau's view on power

Back 41

would not agree with those with a "just" cause.
- those supported the constiutitons o+ Enlightenment rights

Front 42

How did Rochau believe power came through

Back 42

indirectly,
-diverse forms( the expansion of the economy and social institutions).

Front 43

Realpolik

Back 43

clostly associated w/ otto von bismarck.
- political strategy for advancing power for its own sake.

Front 44

How was the german nation built

Back 44

growth of national feeling
- recalculations of mid-class interests
- diplomacy, war, and struggles b/w the regime + opponents

Front 45

what did king Frederick WIlliam grant to Prussia

Back 45

constitution that established a bicameral (2-house) parliament.
- lower house elected- universal male suffrage.

Front 46

who became the prince regent of Prussia

Back 46

William I
-

Front 47

Prussia under the contriol of William I

Back 47

conservative state w/ and expanded size and confidence in the mid-class.
-

Front 48

what did Prussia have by the late 1850s

Back 48

active liberal intelligensa
- thoughtful and engaged press
- liberal civil service (dedicated to pol. and eco. modernization).

Front 49

the eco. changes of prussia in the late 1850s helped forge what

Back 49

liberal political movement that won a majority in elections to the lower house
- could confidently confront the king.

Front 50

the main bone of contention b/w liberlas and king

Back 50

military spending.

Front 51

William and military spending

Back 51

-expand the army
- reduce the role of reserve forces (mid-class group)
- ensure military matters not subject to parliamentary control.

Front 52

Otto von Bismarck

Back 52

- elected minister-president of Prussia by William ( didn no answer to parliament).
- support monarchy and fiercly opposed liberal movement.
- born into a class of conservative and wealthy aristocrats.

Front 53

Why didnt otto von bismarck institute domestic reforms

Back 53

he favored the "rights" of a particular group
- thought the policites would unite and strengthen prussia

Front 54

Bismarck and his views on Prussia

Back 54

- - brought german states under prussian control b/c he wanted a grand German design.
- considered himself destined for greatness.

Front 55

Bismarck's reputation

Back 55

cynicism, arrogance, and frankness in expressing his views.

Front 56

what did Bismarck do in Prussia

Back 56

defy parliamentatry opposition.
- played the national card to make the German nation building an extension of prussian authority

Front 57

the other german power apart from Austria

Back 57

Austria
- influence over the german conferedatio +catholic regions in the S.
- bismarck persuaded austria to join war w/ prussia against denmark

Front 58

Bismarck's dispute with Denmark

Back 58

- disputer over Schlewig and Holstein
-

Front 59

denamrk vs prussia

Back 59

- short and froced the danish ruler to give up 2 nations to austrian and prussia.
- alliance b/w A and P fell apart

Front 60

7 weeks war

Back 60

- Austria vs. Prussia
- Prussia won! and austria agreed to dissolve german conferderation.
- to replace G. conferd. bismarck created nth german confed.

Front 61

norht german confed.

Back 61

union of all german states N of the main river

Front 62

bismarck's view on the german confederation

Back 62

outlived its usefullness and exploited austria's disadvantages

Front 63

Franco-Prussian war

Back 63

- S. Germany aided the prussians.
- war quickly over, no one came to France's aid.
- france could not match prussia's professionaly trained army.
-began in june and ended in sep. w/ defeat of France and capture of Nap. III.

Front 64

Bismarck hoped that a conflict with whom would help german nationalism

Back 64

france.
- exploited mistakes and accused the french of trying to steal the rhineland

Front 65

where was the german empire proclaimed

Back 65

hall of mirrors at versailles

Front 66

where was the german empire declaed

Back 66

jan. 18, 1871 at the hall of mirrors in versailles.
- symbol of past french absolutism.

Front 67

whoho declaed their alligance to william I after formation of germany

Back 67

all german states no abosbed by the prussian fold.
- xcept austria.

Front 68

treaty in frankfurt b/w germany and france

Back 68

- closed border region of Alsace to the Germany.
- forced Frace to pay 5 billion francs.

Front 69

what remained intact and reconfigured as the german nation state

Back 69

prussian kaiser, prime minister, army,and bureaucracy.