His 101 Exam 2

Front 1

Byzantine Empire

Back 1

-Post Classical (500-1500)
-Cosmopolitan Empire, centered around Constantinople
-Good example, by contrast, of European pluralism, continued Roman Empire and transferred classical greek learning to Islamic World

Front 2

Holy Roman Empire

Back 2

*

Front 3

Constantinople

Back 3

*

Front 4

The Crusades

Back 4

*

Front 5

Eastern Orthodox Christianity

Back 5

*

Front 6

Pluralism in Europe

Back 6

-Internally divided
-Religion and Politics
-Political--Shaped Western European Civilization
-Led to frequent wars and militarization
-Stimulated Technological development
Ex) Byzantine Empire

Front 7

Roman Catholic Christianity

Back 7

*

Front 8

Aristotle and European rational inquiry

Back 8

*

Front 9

Feudal Lords and Serfdom

Back 9

-Hallmark of Europe
-Serf's on bottom
-Very Low literacy rates
-Post Classical Era
-Serfs owed services and goods to lords
-Social Hierarchies

Front 10

Black Death / Plague

Back 10

*

Front 11

Quran

Back 11

-Allahs revelations recorded
-believed to convey the presence of the divine

Front 12

Jizya

Back 12

-Per capita tax cut put on an islamic states non-muslim citizens
-post classical era
-Non-muslims paid special tax, but could practice their own religion

Front 13

Umma

Back 13

-Community of Faith
-Anyone can become a part of if you follow the central tenants of islam

Front 14

Sharia

Back 14

-Law for Islam
-One law
-Answered the question of what it means to be a Muslim

Front 15

Pillars of Islam

Back 15

-5 Pillars
-Each Muslim must fulfill
-Pilgrimage to Mecca is said to be most important
-Post Classical

1. there is no god but God, and Muhammad is his messenger
2. Pray 5 times a day (toward Mecca)
3. Fast during the month of Ramadan
4. Pay alms, particularly in care for the poor
5. Make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once

Front 16

Antolia

Back 16

*

Front 17

Mecca and Medina

Back 17

Mecca= holy city of Islam
-Site of revelation of Quran
-Muslims have Pilgrimage here (hajj)
-Became as important as a trade center

Medina:
-Muhammad was burried here
-Early Muslim community (ummah) developed here
-Post Classical Era

Front 18

Madrassas

Back 18

-Formal colleges
-Taught religion, law and sometimes secular

Front 19

Caliphs

Back 19

-Arab Empire
-leaders in Sunni Muslims
-First four were companions of Muhammad

Front 20

House of Wisdom

Back 20

-Early scientific centers of knowledge

Front 21

Sunni and Shia Islam

Back 21

Muhammad dies without successor:
-Split of Islam (schism)
-Started as a political conflict then become religious
-Sunni: Each umma follows own path. Caliphs were rightful political and military leaders, chosen by Islamic community
-religious authority comes from the community
-Shias: Leader should be blood relatives of Muhammad, descended from Ali and his son Husayn
-Imams have the religious authority

Front 22

Ibn Battuta

Back 22

-Traveled nearly 75,000 miles around the islamic world
-often criticized the quality of Muslim observance outside of core lands
-Appalled by freedoms given to women in outlying lands
-Found only China to be completely foreign
-Found himself saying "wow, this is different"

Front 23

European Renaissance

Back 23

-Rebirth
-Christopher Columbus
-Europe looks for way into trading world

Front 24

The Columbian Exchange

Back 24

Early Modern Era (1500-1750 CE)
-Biological exchange of plants, animals and diseases
-North/South America and Europe
-Transatlantic
-Europeans benefit unequally
-New world gets sick
-One explanation to why Europe succeeded
-"Great dying"
Cheap Land and labor
-One result --> Racial slavery

Front 25

Zheng He

Back 25

*

Front 26

Mercantilism

Back 26

Monopoly power
-Monarchies become investors in companies
--> Royal Companies
-Help Europeans organize
-Theory that governments should encourage exports and accumulate bullion to serve their countries

Front 27

Vasco da Gama

Back 27

*

Front 28

Mestizo

Back 28

-Mixed-race population
-Became a majority of the Mexican population by the nineteenth century

Front 29

Ming Dynasty China

Back 29

*

Front 30

Mulatto

Back 30

*

Front 31

The Early Modern Era

Back 31

(1500-1750CE)
Early Modern Globalization:
ex) Silver Trade, Starts in Spanish America, "Diens" to China
Ex) Fur to Europe

Front 32

Plantation complex

Back 32

*

Front 33

Indian Ocean Commercial Network

Back 33

*

Front 34

The Silver Trade and the "Silver Drain"

Back 34

*

Front 35

Trading Post Empires

Back 35

*

Front 36

Potosi

Back 36

*

Front 37

Spanish Philippines

Back 37

-Trading post empires
-Become spanish/catholic

Front 38

Atlantic Slave Trade

Back 38

*

Front 39

British / Dutch East India companies

Back 39

*

Front 40

African Diaspora

Back 40

Ex) Atlantic Slave Trade

Front 41

Tokugawa Shogunate

Back 41

*

Front 42

Early Modern Globalization

Back 42

*

Front 43

Protestant Reformation

Back 43

*

Front 44

Copernicus

Back 44

*

Front 45

Catholic Counter-Reformation

Back 45

*

Front 46

Newton

Back 46

*

Front 47

Jesuits in China

Back 47

*

Front 48

The European Enlightenment

Back 48

-Early Modern Era (Europe)
-Use science to reason through human problems
-Some ideas are used in Declaration of Independence
-Takes models that are testable and apply them to others
(Scientific principles will eliminate human suffering)

Front 49

Wahhabi Islam

Back 49

*

Front 50

Voltaire

Back 50

*

Front 51

The Scientific Revolution

Back 51

-Long Term Impacts
-Europe
-Huge advantage to European success
-Europe became good at borrowing skills and adding to them

Ex) Aristotelian System, Copernican Heliocentrism
-Calender = Religion and Science working together

-Figure out a better way for politics (with logic)

Front 52

Condorcet and the idea of progress

Back 52

*

Front 53

"long nineteenth century" / modern era

Back 53

*

Front 54

Haitian Revolution

Back 54

*

Front 55

The problem of Eurocentrism

Back 55

*

Front 56

Latin American Revolutions

Back 56

*

Front 57

The Atlantic Revolutions

Back 57

*

Front 58

Abolitionist movement

Back 58

*

Front 59

North American Revolution

Back 59

*

Front 60

Nationalism

Back 60

-Idea--Doesnt describe reality
-Fixed borders = stay there
-More powerful governments
-Far more competitive -- within Europe and global trade
-more organized warfare
-Currency
-Nation-State: everyone in these borders are the same people
--> Problem because that caused tension
Ex) Can Jews be German?

Front 61

French Revolution

Back 61

Modern Era (1750-1914CE)
-Led by enlightenment ideas
-Wants to remake the society
-Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
-Made by 3rd estate, help launch revolution
-Kill off the Nobility
-Army of Citizens represented one Nation

Front 62

Declaration of the Rights of Women

Back 62

*

Front 63

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Back 63

*

Front 64

Protestant reformation

Back 64

-Attempt to reform Catholic church
-Effects the World
-Christian reformation follows
-Schism
-Religious Power further divides itself

Ex) Lutheranism