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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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A population approach to health promotion Ex: homeless ppl and aging adults |
approaching HP from the entry point of a demographic/socially defined target population --> assumes that people within the population share characteristics that predispose them to health risks, behaviours, or living conditions |
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What are the three types of "homelessness" |
1. Absolutely homelessness 2. Couch surfing 3. At risk for homlessness |
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Definition of absolutely homeless |
living outdoors/shelters or other places not intended for habitation |
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Definition of couch surfing |
people living with friends or family on a temporary basis - they have no house of their own (permanent residence) |
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Definition of people at risk of homelessness |
those living in unsafe or substandard housing - spending a very large proportion of their income on housing |
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What percent of Canadians are living on a low income? |
20% |
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What fraction of canadian households are "paying way too much" for their house? |
1/4 - these people are at risk for homelessness |
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Homelessness can be defined as a population on its own. True or False? |
False. Homelessness exists on a broad continuum, so we can't homogenize homelessness as a population on its own since there are sub groups. While they share certain characteristics, they also have particular differences that effect them on a broader scale |
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What are the causal paths relating health, homelessness, and quality of life? (see hint) |
- individual risk factors + vulnerabilities and societal factors intersect to create homelessness - health status and homelessness effect each other (and thus impact quality of life) - other factors besides health and housing status impact quality of life as well |
Chart in notes from homelessness lecture |
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Sexual reproductive health and homelessness (see hint) |
- 40% of homeless people report being assaulted in some way - 21% of women interviewed were sexually assaulted in the past year |
how does this relate to health and QOL (there are 2 statistics on young women in particular) |
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What are some barriers of homelessness relating to accessing health care (3) |
- not having an address - transportation - discrimination and stigma (by health professionals) |
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Specific health conditions faced by being homeless (7) - see hint |
D. increased risk of death M. mental health issues/substance abuse T. increased risk of TB S. sexual and reproductive health I. injuries/assalts C. chronic medical conditions B. barriers to access to health care |
D. on't M. ake T. ina S. leep I. n C.rappy B. eds |
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At Home/Chez Soi |
- canadian initiative exploring mental health and homeless ness in 5 canadian cities - 5 year project, 10 million $$ - based on a housing first approach |
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Findings from at home chez soi (see hint for prompts) |
- worked well - the cost to the system for other services diminished (very cost effective) --> every $10 invested in housing first services resulted in $21.72 savings. |
- did it work? - what impact did it have on the cost to the system? |
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Aging populations - between 2015 and 2050, what will happen to the worlds population over 60? |
the proportion of the worlds popn over 60 will double (12%-22%) |
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By 2020, the number of people aged 60+ will outnumber children younger than 5 years (true or false) |
truuuuuuuuuuuuuu |
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In 2050, what percent of old people will be living in low and middle income countries? |
80%!!! |
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what is an age friendly community? |
communities where the policies, services, and structures related to the physical and social environment are designed to help seniors "age actively" |
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what are some characteristics of an age friendly community |
- recognizing seniors have range of skills - respecting decisions and lifestyle of seniors - protects vulnerable ones - important to include them in all areas of community life |
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Example of age friendly community in london |
2010: london became canadas first city to join the WHO's global network of age-friendly cities |
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what are the 8 priority areas identified by WHO for age friendly communities? |
O.utdoor spaces T. ransportation H. ousing S.ocial participation R.espect E.mployment I.nformation C.ommunity support |
O. utside T.he H.ouse S.quirrels R.espect E.achother I.n C.ommunity |
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newcomer health advantage |
newcomers are healthier overall than canadian born residents |
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what happens overtime to the newcomer health advantage |
- this advantage is lost overtime (long term immigrants (10+ yrs) consistently report poorer health) - but not all immigrant groups have the same risk for deteriorating health (depends on a range on intersecting determinants |
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What are the two key elements of designing health promotion strategies for immigrant populations? |
1. targeting 2. tailoring |
T&T |
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What is a targeted approach (relating to HP strategies for immigrant populations) |
targeted: identifying a particular subgroup an ensuring it will be exposed to the intervention |
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What is a tailored approach (relating to HP strategies for immigrant populations) |
tailored: health messages and materials must be consistent with a groups cultural characteristics and beliefs (making sure that youre involving people in all aspects of the HP intervention - design, implementation, and evaluation) |
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what are the two types of tailoring? |
1. surface tailoring 2. deep tailoring |
S&D |
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what is surface tailoring? |
surface tailoring: using language, and idioms that pertain to a certain groups cultural characteristics |
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what is deep tailoring? |
deep tailoring: builds on surface tailoring but goes beyond just language and tries to connect with the particular norms/values of the groups that you're working with |
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Case Study #1: Access alliance multicultural community health centre peer outreach worker (POW) program - see hint for prompt |
- Located in downtown toronto - POW recruited and trained - trained to provide culturally sensitive info, referrals, and social support to newcomer families |
-where was it located? - what was the program generally about? |
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How long were the POW employed for? |
3 years (were integrated into the core service team) - this amount of time gave them the chance to build the skills and reap benefits of knowledge gained (out of 100 people, 80 found employment after their 3 year contract) |
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How did POW reduce barriers in the community? |
Since it's a community based program, they were the "point people" for different areas/ the "bridge" for people and care services |
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Case study #2: Community meets the university at maison d'haiti (see hint for prompt) |
- Montreal - Community based program - aimed at education, integration of immigrants - Had a peer led diabetes self management program -Health literacy program |
where was it located? what was the point of this program? |
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What kind of approach did maison d'haiti use? |
a peer based approach (bringing a peer expert which wasn't necessarily a health care professional) but work alongside one. --> doing things to help improve health literacy |
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Girls health promotion - Case Study #1: the girls action foundation approach (see hint for prompt) |
- national umbrella organization focusing on GIRLS EMPOWERMENT (ya grl pwr) - activities based on communities |
- What does it focus on? |
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Case Study #1: the girls action foundation approach - What are the 5 core principles it's based on?? |
1. Popular education --> inviting girls to be experts in their own lives 2. Interlocking feminist analysis 3. Social action and change 4. Critically asset based -->emphasis on capacities of girls own realities 5. Organic --> shaped by girls input/feedback |
P.opular F.eminists S.tart A.n O.rganization |
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In dr. mike evans 23.5 hour youtube video shown by TA, what did he say the single best thing we could do for our health was? |
getting half and hour - and hour of exercise everyday --> low fitness being the strongest predictor of death |
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What does Salutogenesis mean in health promotion? |
salutogenesis: an approach to achieve optimal health --> using this approach rather than a biomedical one "should be teaching people how to swim rather than saving them from drowning" |
picture used in lecture "health in the river of life" |
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What is physical activity? |
any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results from energy expenditure Ex: sports, jogging, cycling |
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What is exercise? |
PLANNED, structured, repetitive and purposely done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness Ex: jogging to lose weight, strength training 3 times/week |
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What are the physical activity guidelines by the canadian society for exercise physiology |
- 150 minutes of MVPA in bouts of 10 mins - add strength training at least 2 days per week (old guidelines were 30 mins a day) |
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Do more males or more females tend to participate in PA? |
more males (also - higher educated and higher SES individuals engage in more PA) |
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What percent of canadian adults are meeting the PA recommendations |
only 15% and the majority are insufficiently active |
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what percent of post secondary students report insufficient levels of PA? |
50% |
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what is incidental PA? |
non-purposeful P.A through activities of daily living (active transportations, staircase use, household tasks) |
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what are sedentary behaviours? |
postures or activities that require very little movement (inactivity and sedentary behaviours aren't the same thing) |
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Transitioning to higher education graph of canadian adolescent males and females. Who has the most decrease in PA? |
post secondary boys have the most decrease in PA (females only have a slight decrease) |
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Examples of HP programs developed by western researchers |
1. Project IMPACT 2. CHAMP 3. The REAL(routines to enhance active lifestyles) project (TA's- PHD program) "small choices real impacts" |
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What does the term "aboriginal" refer to? |
first nations, inuit, and metis people |
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what were the three effects of colonization |
1) dispossession of ancestral land 2) imposition of colonial institutions 3) disruption of traditional lifestyles |
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What was established in 2008 to reveal the truth about the history and legacy of residential schools? |
Truth and reconciliation commission of canada (TRC) - going back and tracing impact of res schools on lives of aboriginal peoples |
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what are the aboriginal constructions of health? |
1. physical and spirtual aspects of the human body overlap 2. complete health is achieved through harmony with the creator, family, community, and nature 3. based on unity, interrelatedness, and balance |
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What are the three health promotion initiatives which incorporate aboriginals peoples? |
CONCEPTS CONTEXTS PROCESSES |
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what are indigenous concepts? |
-holism: (interconnected with world) -reciprocity: (everyone is part of the community - connected through social networks) -plurality: (different ways of viewing the world) |
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what are indigenous contexts? |
- SDH of aboriginal health (intersecting determinants of political, social, historical, cultural) --> poor living conditions --> inequities that limit access to resources |
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What did the report say that the auditor general released in 2015 on the services for aboriginal peoples? |
- reported on the terrible condition of federally funded health services for aboriginal --> those living on remote reserves in manitoba and ontario has much less access to quality health services than those served by provincial health services --> on many reserves its necessary to boil water because there isn't safe drinking water |
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What are indigenous processes? |
- community control (most fundamental) --> avoiding helicopter health promotion - community engagement - cultural responsiveness - capacity building |
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Some promising practices(idk how to ask as a question so just review it) |
1. Kahnawake schools diabetes prevention project(HP intervention to address problem of diabetes) 2. Tui'kn initiative: improving access to primary health care services 3. Food Security in Canadas North: community freezers 4. Heart and stroke foundation of Saskatchewn: Translating their heart and stroke warnings into cree |
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Settings Approach to Health Promotion 1.What are theKey settings as entry points |
1. - cities/communities - schools - health care facilities - virtual 2. - community participation - multi-intersectoral partnerships -political commitment -implementing healthy public policies - asset based community development |
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Settings Approach to Health Promotion - global movement and canadas impact |
1984 --> SDH - healthy cities movement launched from WHO conference - mid 1980s the idea emerged that SETTINGS was the new HP movement put forward by WHO to implement the actions suggested in ottawa charter In canada: health COMMUNITY movement to be more inclusive (provincial networks to include a wide range of actors) - wider range of settings not just cities |
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What has the shift been over the last 2 decades on how to approach school health promotion programs |
Before: multi-intervention programs on specific health issues Now: ecological, systems-based approach |
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Promising practice - Annapolis valley of NS - what did this intervention target? |
targeted school and community, multi-sectoral, looking at different interventions around physical activity and different ways to address healthy eating (good example because it targeted multiple levels and had a good evaluation done on it) |
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What is a challenge of school health promotion? |
coordinating multiple programs - working between different sectors because different institutions have different ways of organizing themselves (what a big priority is for the school, might be lower on the agenda from one of their partners) |
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Settings of hospitals and health care services |
hospitals aren't only a place where people can be healed -->harm can be done to your health in it too. -->taking a health promotion approach to this would be looking at hospitals as a place where everyone in it is paid attention to in regards to their health (family members of ill, staff) |
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Settings example of hospital and health care services - Montreal network of HP hospitals |
- working with users, families, staff and community --> it only works to do health promotion in health care settings if you have buy in from senior management --> need to define tasks with assigned roles or who carries out the different parts of HP --> make sure you have the right resources and people have the expertise/training --> communicate what is going on so everyone knows whats happening |
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Settings: Workplace as a key entry point for health promotion - what has it shifted from over the past 25 years? |
Shift from individual employee assistance to healthfulness of the environment people are working in (need solid financial investment to be able to do this) |
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What percent of companies pay roll is spend on the effects of disease/under performance of people who aren't healthy |
17% |
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Settings: Virtual |
- newest and fast growing settings for health promotion --> internet and related e-platforms --> targeted at youth but not limited to them Some promising practices: teenNet/youth voice research group |
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What are the key features of a healthy settings approach |
- taking place in the real lives of people - based on ecological approach - aim at individuals, organizations, and the environments |
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according to the healthy settings approach, what is the best way an intervention can aim to change individuals/communities/ and environments in which the settings are based? |
Proposes to do so by involving as many stakeholders of the setting and its environment as possible --> collaboration --> inter-sectoral work |
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Why engage in reflective practice? |
to continuously learn and improve our knowledge and skills --> process of critical thinking - contributes to theory & self development |
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what is reflective practice? |
the ability to problem solve --> questioning and experimenting being open in thinking --> questioning your actions |
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what is Reflection in action? |
happening in the middle of doing it or happening before the action (get this with experience) |
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what are the key resources of reflective practice? (2) |
Time and Space --> ability to step back from work and question why you're doing things the way you are. |
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Reflection vs. reflexivity |
Reflection is questioning - very surface level Reflexivity: trying to go deeper --> thinking about more complex issues --> second layer of reflection --> Ex: how your HP program fits into broader social structures |
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Tools and methods for reflection |
- reviewing client feedback, role-playing, working with peers (interactive forms) - writing is the most frequently used - art based and other strategies |
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Different forms of writing in reflection |
1. diaries: short form 2. journal writing: more in depth, about your emotional reaction 3. Case records (particular incidents) KEY THING: Understanding power dynamics |
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Professionalization of HP |
prior to the 1950s, public health practice focused mainly on communicable diseases. The lalonde report and the ottawa charter were key moments for health promotion to grow as a field of practice/career |
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Features of health profession |
- specific body of knowledge - practiced as full time occupation - university programs developed - associations formed (local, regional, national) to establish a code of ethics, protect the public, and promote interests of profession -legislation (to regulate profession) |
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Proposed set of core competencies for HP (8) |
1. show knowledge necessary for conducting HP 2. do needs assessment on community 3. plan the program 4. have policy development 5. build community capacity 6. engage in partnership and collaboration 7. communicate 8. organize, implement and manage health promotion interventions |
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what are the 4 indigenous processes? |
community C. control community E. engagement community R. responsiveness community capacity B. uilding |
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Pros of developing accreditation of Health promotion in canada |
- regulation gives promoters greater control - clear criteria for training - help reach a consensus on what HP is for canada |
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Cons of developing accreditation of Health promotion in canada |
- Difficult for low income practitioners - might place different weight on different dimensions of HP practice |
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what are Planning models in HP |
a visual representation and descriptions of steps in the planning process |
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What is the generalized model in HP? (five steps) |
- not a new model 1. Assessing needs 2. Setting goals 3. Developing interventions 4. implementing interventions 5. evaluation results |
A.ss S.ucking D.evelops I.nto E.ating (i'm sorry for this one) |
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What is SWOT analysis? |
S. strengths W. weaknesses O. opportunities T. threats |
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What are some internal strengths and weaknesses in an organization? |
- people power -financial -physical resources you have and what you need |
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What are some external opportunities, threats/challenges outside the organization |
- trends -the economy - funding -policy/legislation -physical envrionments |
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What does PRECEDE mean in the "precede, proceed model" |
precede: predisposing, reinforcing, enabling, constructructs (in) educational, diagnosis, evaluation |
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What does PROCEED mean in the "precede, proceed model" |
policy regulatory (and) organizational constructs (in) educational (and) environmental development |
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Difference between precede and proceed |
precede: a series of planned assessments that generate information that will be used to guide subsequent decisions proceed: marked by the strategic implementation of multiple actions based on what was learned from the assessments in the initial phase |
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What dos the precede/proceed model focus in detail on (two phases) |
- ASSESSMENT and -IMPLEMENTATION |
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Inequalities vs. inequities |
Inequality: recognition that some measurable inequality exists Inequity: moral statement that this difference is unfair and unjust and needs to be addressed |
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what does the average health of the top 10% of the canadian population represent? |
represents the "best that can be reasonably expected" of the entire canadian popn - HP needs to prioritize raising the level of health of the lower 90% of the popn |
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What is the most widely used way for understanding health status/inequities? (what do we look at?) |
heath inequities related to income (individuals and families) |
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what are the two approaches for looking at income of people |
1. specific geographic areas --> neighbourhoods, census 2. categorize by income --> high, middle, low |
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Example of death rates/mortality in relation to income: |
the length of life for canadians is directly related to the average income of the neighbourhood - men in the poorest 20% of urban neighbourhoods live nearly 4.5 years less than those in wealthiest 20% (women nearly 2 years difference) |
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Infant mortality rates |
- very important indicator for overall societal health --> flash point for the overall health of a society --> infant mortality(and low birth weight) in the poorest 20% of urban neighbourhoods is 40% higher than the wealthiest 20% |
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Injuries stats |
for children in ontario, those in the poorest neighbourhoods have 67% higher injury rates |
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Addressing both DOWN STREAM determinants, and UPSTREAM determinants |
down stream: related to healthy lifestyle choices, healthy living, micro oriented, individual up stream: public policies |
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7 Proposed approaches to help reduce health inequalities (each begins with "health inequalities result from...") |
1. differences in access/quality 2. differences in important medical/behavioural risk factors 3. differences in material living conditions 4. diffs in material living conditions that are a function of group membership 5. diffs in material living conditions shaped by public policy 6. differences in material living conditions shaped by economic/political structures 7. power and influence of those who create and benefit from them |
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what are 3 other ways(channels) health promoters can address health inequities? |
-education and knowledge transmission - professional associations and networks - political engagement |
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Ethics in health promotion |
- complex field - boundaries not well defined - many actors, arenas, activities - involves tensions - highly value laden |
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what is ethics? |
what is morally good and bad right and wrong --> issues of practical decision making |
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What does it mean when we say HP can be paternalistic? |
- sometimes coercive methods are used in the name of the public good by restricting particular behaviours (ex: smoking inside), and requiring mandatory participation (vaccination) |
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What is "the way around paternalism"? |
empowerment --> if people feel like they have agency and decision making capacity over whats happening, then it makes it less paternalistic |
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what are 4 common tensions in HP? |
1. individual freedom and individual responsibility 2. individual vs. community 3. distribution of power (balancing top down and bottom up approaches) 4. different views, values, and practices among different groups |
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Questioning paternalism (points) - how far is too far? |
-what are the limits of emotive marketing? (are people becoming sensitized to graphic images) -are health promotion campaigns stigmatizing people? (playing on peoples emotions/beliefs - Ex: obesity campaigns. - What controversies arise when scientific facts go against ones beliefs? (sexual health education) - when does HP become manipulative propaganda?(vaccine/drugs - promoting health or promoting a product?) |
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International Union for health promotion and education (IUHPE) results from survey they conducted on people in HP regarding ethics |
-2009-2010 -76% often thought about ethics in their daily activities -24% occasionally thought about it - more experienced promoters thought of it more than the less experienced ones - in general, everyone thought about it to some degree |
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What are 4 common ethical challenges in HP? |
1. different cultures having conflicting values 2. power distribution/empowerment 3. choosing priority areas 4. confidentiality/consent/gathering data |
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What did health promoters say in the survey that would be better than just a code of ethics |
some kind of tool that would help them to make decisions that they found ethically challenging |
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What is a community? (the simple definition from notes) |
a group of people who have common characteristics |
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what are communities characterized by? (6 things) |
1. membership (identity) 2. symbols (language,rituals) 3. values & norms 4. influence (on one another) 5. needs and commitment 6. emotional connection |
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What is a more "broader" definition of communities? |
defined by location, race, ethniticity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems, outcomes, common bonds (much larger than just location) |
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what was the term community organization defined as in the 1880s? |
coined by US social workers to describe efforts to coordinate services for new immigrants & poor |
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today, what is community organization defined as? |
a process by which community groups are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop or implement strategies for reaching their goals they have collectively set |
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What assumptions is community organization based on? |
1. communities have the capacity to deal with their own problems 2. people want to change and can change 3. people should participate in controlling decisions 4. self-imposed changes are better than imposed 5. a holistic approach is better at dealing with problems 6. cooperative participation 7. need facilitation/assistance in organizing |
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steps in community organizing and building |
1. recognize issue 2. gain entry 3. organize people 4. assess community 5. set goals 6. select intervention strategies 7. implement plan 8. evaluate 9. maintain 10. looping back (4 through 9) |
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what do effective organizers tend to combine? (3) |
- deep commitment for change - technical skills - experience skills/empathy |
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Two phases of goal setting |
-identifying the priorities -using the priority list to write the goals |
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5 criteria of setting goals |
1. must be winnable 2. simple & specific 3. unit members 4. affect many people 5. part of a larger plan to enhance the community |
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Final four steps in CO/CB process |
- implementing - evaluation -maintain -looping back |
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Definition of evaluation |
evaluation is the systematic examination and assessment of features of a program in order to produce knowledge that different stakeholders can use for a variety of purposes |
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What does the textbook suggest as two main roles for evaluation in health promotion |
1. to increase the effectiveness of interventions 2. to support the development and diffusion of innovative practices (assess and improve quality) |
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how does evaluation relate to accountability?? |
funders want to know how their money was spent and what kind of results were achieved from the money that was allocated |
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What is formative evaluation? |
relates to quality assessment and program improvement in EARLY stages (in development and planning stages of a program) Ex: a pilot test |
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What is summative evaluation? |
Determining effectiveness - assessing how attitudes/knowledge/behaviour/health status changed during the program --> looking at things after the program ends |
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Process evaluation |
- closely tied to formative evaluation BUT DIFFERENT - this takes place right at the end - main intent is to look at how the program was actually implemented in practice and comparing it to your expectations of it at beginning - concerned with improving quality Ex: school snacks in 30 schools, but after doing a process evaluation, you were only able to reach 10 schools |
looking at program and comparing it to expectations |
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Impact evaluation |
-Closely linked to summative - focus on immediate observable effects of a program - associated with behavioural change --> measures awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and skills (more proximal results) |
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Outcome evaluation |
- closely tied to summative evaluation - success of a program at meeting its goals/objectives - takes more time than impact --> looking at longer term effects |
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What two evaluations together constitute summative evaluation? |
IMPACT AND OUTCOME |
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What are the four standards of evaluation? |
Utility (usefulness - evaluation will give useful info to the people who need it) Feasibility (can you actually do the evaluation) Propriety (about ethics - making sure evaluation was conducted in ethical way Accuracy (doing an evaluation that will give you the reliable findings needed) |
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Framework for program evaluation steps: |
1. engage stakeholders 2. describe the program (log frame is used) 3. focus on the evaluation design 4. gather credible evidence 5. justify your conclusion 6. share lessons learned |
think of cyclical diagram in notes |
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Why is prevention not very accessible in primary care |
- prevention is very important, but primary health care physicians have no time to promote it (about 60 seconds to talk about it on average) |
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Health promotion as a lab service for primary care |
to make prevention more accessible, montreal organized a clinical prevention system |
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what is the montreal clinical prevention system based on? (3 components) |
-nurse facilitators - at least one primary care doctor (public health champion) - local health education centers (where a lifestyle work up is done) |
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how does the montreal clinical prevention system work? |
patients are given a questionnaire on nutrition, smoking, and activity while waiting in MD's waiting room - this cues the MD to prescribe lifestyle work ups through the health education centre |
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what are the components of the lifestyle workup? |
- web based things done first - interviewed/follow up call/interaction from human - after the risk appraisal, the report is sent to your doctor |
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Does this lab service for primary care work? |
it had a slow start, but starting to show signs of integration into routine practice after 4 years - originally it was about primary prevention, but ended up being used more for secondary prevention (Ex: meeting unmet needs for people at risk for chronic diseases) |
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What are some challenges of this lab service for primary care work? |
- time constraints - doctors in a more prescriptive mode than a lifestyle one - there is no fee for their service (shifting mentality for doctors) - those who manage clinics don't have authority over doctors (can't force them to do it) |
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What concepts do nursing and health promotion share? |
-equity -participation -empowerment -collaboration |
EPEC |
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What does legislation in every province give nurse practitioners the autonomy to do? |
- can diagnose a disease/disorder - prescribe drugs - order a screening test - perform advanced clinical procedures |
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WHO highlights 4 primary health care reforms |
- universal coverage - socially relevant and responsive health services - public policy integrating public health and primary health care - leadership reform (emphasis on inclusion) |
think about the world (only shams will get this - sorry fam) |
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Promising practice: NP's in community health centers |
- improves access for marginalized populations - NP's are important change agents - being situated in CHC gives them a broad environment that they can deliver their services and activities - they use the ecological approach |
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Examples of health promotion in rehabilitation |
Traite Sante (Quebec city) - rehab to improve peoples QOL - individual and group activities - P/A, Nutrition, smoking cessation Stand up! (Quebec based) - 12 week program about preventing falls for senior citizens |
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community development approaches to HP - what values is it grounded in? |
democracy equality inclusion |
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An example of a community development approach |
Women organizing activities for women (WOAW) --> feminist organizing principles --> benefits to participation (reduce stress) -->process important (collaborative) - low income women coming together and organizing different kinds of recreation activities and improving access to it |
women |
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What is a health impact assessment |
a health impact assessment is a tool that can be used by health promoters - can be effective in influencing policy making and decisions it is a 5 STEP PROCESS to evaluate the potential health effects of a policy proposal from outside the health sector |
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What are the 5 steps in a health impact assessment? |
1. Screening 2. Scoping (planning) 3. Appraisal (when you actually do the assessment) 4. Reporting (share results with stakeholders) 5. Evaluating/Monitoring (did you actually do anything?) |
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Example of HIA - building a waste management plant |
- after doing the HIA, there was an expectation amongst people in the community that the municipal taxes were going to rise - and certain people would find it difficult with affording housing as taxes increased |
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what is health communication? |
study and the use of different communication strategies to inform and influence the individual and collective decisions conducive to the improvement of health (Ex: risk communication, media advocacy, entertainment education, e-literacy) |
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Is e-health literacy effective? |
if well planned and executed, it will be modest, but can reach lots of people ** better at changing behaviour in short term** --> most effective when combined with other strategies |
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Health communication example - delfi sante 5/30 |
-multimedia communications strategy - reinforcing healthy behaviours "health challenge" --> people could engage in the internet to set their goals and challenge their self to do things |
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what is interprofessional collaboration (IPC)? |
a set of relationships and interactions that enable health professionals to pool their expertise and share their knowledge and experience in a concerted effort to deliver health services for the greater good |
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how has HP developed globally "like a rhizome"? |
it is a system that has many roots, it is connected and heterogenic, it doesn't respect territory but it expands continuously --> spreads horizontally and successfully infiltrates and influences its environment |
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what shapes HP practice in canada? |
the overall state of the political economy is a key determinant of: - health status of popn - the type and number of HP interventions |
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Examples in text of events that have shaped health promotion |
- 2008 global finical crisis (wealth transfer from poorer and middle class to wealthier) - neoliberal approaches (cutting back of social safety nets) - government interest in "prevention and healthy living" (puts responsibility on the individual) |
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what are "promising practices" in HP? |
those sets of processess and activities that are consistent with HP values, goals, ethics, theories, and beliefs, evidence and understanding of the environment, that are most likely to achieve HP goals in a given situation |
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Four characteristics common in best practices |
1. reflexive 2. theory based 3. context sensitive 4. planned and evaluated in participatory manner |
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