Hdfs Pre-Test/ Post- Test- Chapter 7

Front 1

When adults elaborate on children's speech, thereby increasing its complexity, they are using

Back 1

expansions.

Front 2

When 4-year-old Nicholas sees a tree blowing in the wind, he says, "Look! The tree is waving at me!" Nicholas is demonstrating

Back 2

animistic thinking.

Front 3

Three-year-old Cameron happily presents his mother with a toy truck on her birthday. According to Piaget, Cameron is demonstrating

Back 3

egocentrism.

Front 4

Which of the following words would a child most likely acquire first?

Back 4

now

Front 5

Four-year-old Morganne's script for shopping will include

Back 5

the correct sequence of events.

Front 6

Julie uses private speech freely when faced with difficult tasks. Julie probably __________ than her less talkative agemates.

Back 6

shows greater improvement in task performance.

Front 7

A major change in representation that increases steadily from 4 to 8 years of age is

Back 7

the awareness that make-believe is a representational activity.

Front 8

How might inhibition help a child master false belief?

Back 8

by suppressing the assumption that others' knowledge and beliefs are the same as his own.

Front 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Back 9

Intelligence tests are designed so that examinees' performance is not affected by situational factors.

Front 10

Children are shown a labeled Band-Aid box, and a similar box that is unmarked. They are shown that the Band-Aid box is empty, and the unmarked box contains Band-Aids. Four-year-olds who are asked where a new friend will look for Band-Aids

Back 10

choose the labeled Band-Aid box.

Front 11

Tom's mother regularly tells him, "Finish your vegetables and you can have a cookie." This practice often

Back 11

causes children to like the vegetables less and the cookie more.

Front 12

Research on handedness indicates that

Back 12

the brains of left-handers tend to be less strongly lateralized than those of right-handers.

Front 13

Three-year-old Madeline's mother asked her to draw a cube. Based on her age, you would expect Madeline to draw

Back 13

a square.

Front 14

When Victoria draws a picture of a person, she draws a circular shape for the body and represents the arms and legs with lines. She adds features like eyes, mouth, hair, and fingers. Victoria is MOST likely ____ years old.

Back 14

4

Front 15

Presented with Piaget's three-mountains problem and asked to pick the picture that shows "what the doll sees," a preoperational child

Back 15

picks the picture that shows her own perspective.

Front 16

When children who lack growth hormone (GH) are given injections of GH starting at an early age, they

Back 16

show catch-up growth.

Front 17

Candice is interested in whether her preschool students have good recognition memory. After showing them several pictures of animals, she should wait a short while and then

Back 17

show them the familiar pictures and some unfamiliar pictures, and have students pick out the ones they saw before.

Front 18

Research on brain development demonstrates __________ between 3 and 6 years of age.

Back 18

especially rapid growth in the frontal lobe.

Front 19

After learning a word through fast-mapping,

Back 19

children still must refine their representation of the word.

Front 20

Between ages 2 and 6,

Back 20

boys continue to be slightly larger than girls.

Front 21

Which of the following is true concerning childhood immunizations?

Back 21

Though required for school entry at age 5 or 6, 40 percent of poverty-stricken American preschoolers lack essential immunizations.

Front 22

Which of the following metaphors would a preschooler be MOST likely to understand?

Back 22

clouds are like pillows

Front 23

Which of these developmental trends matches most closely with the maturation rates of the two hemispheres of the brain?

Back 23

Language skills develop very rapidly in early childhood.

Front 24

The dramatic rise in the numbers of young children enrolled in preschool or child care is largely due to

Back 24

a rise in working mothers.

Front 25

Three-year-old Alicia wants to dress herself this morning. She puts on a top and pants that do not match and two different color socks. Alicia is working on her

Back 25

self-help skills.

Front 26

1. Asked whether there are more oranges or fruits in a group of 2 apples, 3 bananas, and 5 oranges, preoperational children will

Back 26

report that there are more oranges.

Front 27

2. Neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget's stage approach with an emphasis on

Back 27

information processing.

Front 28

3. In supporting children's language acquisition, __________ is especially important during early childhood.

Back 28

Interacting with more skilled speakers.

Front 29

4. Which of the following statements about children's theory of mind is true?

Back 29

Preschoolers who engage in extensive fantasy play are more advanced in their understanding of false beliefs.

Front 30

5. Hennie and Brendan have identical balls of clay. After Brendan flattens his into a "pancake," he believes he has more clay than Hennie. Brendan lacks

Back 30

conservation

Front 31

6. According to Vygotsky, __________ is an ideal social activity for promoting cognitive development in early childhood.

Back 31

make-believe play

Front 32

7. Which of the following best describes a 3-year-old's understanding of numbers?

Back 32

They realize that when a number label changes from, say, three to four, the number of items also changes.

Front 33

8. Jack comes from a low-SES household. Research demonstrates that if he receives poor-quality child care, he will

Back 33

score lower on measures of cognitive and social skills.

Front 34

9. Among poverty-stricken preschoolers in the United States, __________ percent lack essential immunizations.

Back 34

40

Front 35

Studies of brain development show that

Back 35

most left-handers have no developmental problems.

Front 36

11. In Piaget's preoperational stage, the most obvious change is an extraordinary increase in

Back 36

representational, or symbolic, activity.

Front 37

12. Which of the following two letters would young children have the MOST difficulty telling apart?

Back 37

p and q

Front 38

13. Three-year-old Derek takes turns in conversations, knows to speak differently to his baby sister than he does to his grandfather, and responds appropriately when asked to clarify his statements. These skills are known as

Back 38

pragmatics

Front 39

14. Of annual deaths worldwide in children under age 5, __________ percent are in developing countries, and __________ percent of such deaths are due to infectious diseases.

Back 39

98; 70

Front 40

15. Measures of neural activity reveal especially rapid growth from 3 to 6 years in

Back 40

frontal-lobe areas devoted to planning and organizing.

Front 41

16. While reading a book on bees, Lucy's mother told her that bees "are insects, pollinate flowers, and produce honey." This helps to guide Lucy's construction of ________.

Back 41

categories

Front 42

17. Cross-cultural research on cognitive development suggests that

Back 42

children in some cultures gain more from direct observation than from verbal communication.

Front 43

18. __________ can __________ the appearance of permanent teeth.

Back 43

Prolonged malnutrition; delay

Front 44

19. In the United States, approximately 11 percent of the child population is uninsured. These children

Back 44

are three times as likely as insured children to go without needed doctor visits.

Front 45

20. Mrs. Chaudoin heard that storybook reading can promote language and literacy development in preschoolers. To engage with her 4-year-old, she should

Back 45

discuss the story's content with her daughter.

Front 46

21. During the preschool years, a child's diet

Back 46

is often marked by a decline in appetite.

Front 47

22. By age 6, the average child will have acquired approximately __________ new words.

Back 47

10,000

Front 48

23. Collin says, "I see truck!" His grandmother responds, "Yes, you see a big, red fire truck!" His grandmother's response would be classified as a(n)

Back 48

expansion.

Front 49

24. Most 3-year-olds

Back 49

begin to create pictures from scribbles.

Front 50

25. In North America, about _________ percent of children live in a home with one or more computers.

Back 50

85

Front 51

1. Preschoolers work out their first ideas about justice and fairness

Back 51

through disputes with siblings and peers over rights, possessions, and property.

Front 52

It is generally agreed that

Back 52

the type rather than the amount of solitary and parallel play changes significantly during preschool.

Front 53

Which of the following nonsocial activities is a cause for concern?

Back 53

Kuuipo, who wanders aimlessly through the preschool room

Front 54

Four-year-old twins Djenana and De'andeya are engaged in a typical sibling dispute. In order to help them gain sensitivity to their sibling's feelings, their parents should

Back 54

intervene with reasoning and negotiating.

Front 55

Four-year-old Madeline meets a new boy at preschool. When Madeline's teacher explains that the new boy is "shy," Madeline is likely to believe that the new boy

Back 55

is uncomfortable around new people.

Front 56

Which of the following statements would likely be made by a parent using inductive discipline?

Back 56

"It hurts Sarah's feelings when you don't give her a turn."

Front 57

Erikson's critical psychological conflict during the preschool years is

Back 57

initiative versus guilt.

Front 58

Over the preschool years, intense emotional outbursts

Back 58

occur less frequently.

Front 59

Which of the following is true regarding violent media and aggression in the United States?

Back 59

In children's programming, cartoons are the most violent.

Front 60

By what age do children correctly judge the causes of many of the basic emotions?

Back 60

4 to 5 years

Front 61

Gender schema theory explains how __________ and __________ work together to shape gender-role development.

Back 61

environmental pressures; children's cognitions

Front 62

In preschool, girls and boys engage in different social behaviors. Which of the following occurs more often in adult-structured contexts?

Back 62

compliance

Front 63

Aaron's parents have high standards for his behavior. At the same time, they do not provide him with emotional warmth or respond consistently to his emotional needs. Aaron frequently hears, "Do it because I said so!" His parents can be classified as

Back 63

authoritarian.

Front 64

While playing, preschool children

Back 64

often transition back and forth between onlooker, parallel, and cooperative play.

Front 65

In North America, Parents Anonymous has as its primary goal

Back 65

helping child-abusing parents learn constructive parenting practices.

Front 66

Which of the following statements about corporal punishment is TRUE?

Back 66

Corporal punishment generally peaks around age 5.

Front 67

Parents who use inductive discipline

Back 67

talk to their children about the effects of misbehavior.

Front 68

parents who are undemanding and indifferent are classified as

Back 68

uninvolved.

Front 69

What is the most common type of aggression among children?

Back 69

instrumental aggression

Front 70

Which of th efollowing is the LEAST effective form of punishment?

Back 70

physical punishment

Front 71

Parents can help children learn to initiate peer contacts by

Back 71

providing informal peer play opportunities.

Front 72

Eleanor Maccoby's theory that hormones affect human play cycles and choice of play partners is reinforced by the fact that

Back 72

young children spend significantly larger portions of their time in same-sex play situations.

Front 73

When asked about their expectations for sons and daughters, parents say that __________ is (are) important for sons.

Back 73

control of emotions

Front 74

Although her older sister consistently models the ability to share, 3-year-old Kailyn remains possessive and constantly claims objects as "Mine!" Kailyn's parents should know that her behavior

Back 74

is a sign of developing selfhood and her effort to clarify boundaries between herself and others.

Front 75

Three-year-old Miguel covers his eyes and runs out of the room during a scary scene in his favorite movie. He is displaying

Back 75

emotional self-regulation.