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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pronatalism |
- Belief system that promotes childbearing - Women experience the cultural tension between valuing motherhood and valuing career success - Men are making critical decisions regarding career and family that favor more times and commitment to their families and children |
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Germinal Period |
- Moment of conception (Day 14) - 58% of organisms fail to grow properly |
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Embryonic Period |
- 14-56 days - All major internal and external body structures begin to form |
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Fetal Period |
- ninth week- birth |
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Trimester |
One of three periods of approximately 3 months each that make up fulterm pregnancy |
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Couvade |
Male partners experience pregnancy symptoms similar to those of their pregnant partners |
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Ectopic Pregnancy |
Complication in which a fertilized ovum grows outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tubes |
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Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) |
Unintentional loss of an embryo or fetus during the first weeks of pregnancy |
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Still birth |
Unintentional loss of pregnancy after 20 weeks of gestation |
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Estriol |
Chemical found in women's saliva that may indicate preterm birth |
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Gestational diabetes |
Condition of glucose intolerance that may occur during pregnancy |
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Amniocentesis |
- Procedure done between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation - Doctor removes a small amount of amniotic fluid via a needle in the abdomen to test for genetic abnormalities |
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Chorionic Villus Sampling |
Procedure in which a small amount of tissue from the placenta is analyzed for genetic abnormalities |
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Midwife |
Person who has been trained in most aspects of pregnancy, labor and delivery, but who is not a physician |
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Doulas |
Person trained in the process of labor and delivery and assists a midwife in childbirth |
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Hydrotherapy |
Use of a warm tub of water in the birth process to encourage relaxation |
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Epidural |
Doctor passes pain medication through a small tube that has been inserted at the base of a woman's spine |
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Forceps |
Metal instruments placed around the baby's head inside the birth canal to aid in the birth of the child |
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Vacuum Extraction |
The use of suction to assist in delivering the baby |
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Episiotomy |
An incision made in the perineum to create a larger space to deliver a baby |
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Lochia |
Fluid that is expelled following the birth of a child |
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Kegel Exercises |
Voluntary contraction and relaxation of pelvic floor muscles to help prevent urinary inconsistence and slippage of the uterus following childbirth |
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Gender identity |
The sense of being male or female |
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Gender Role |
The socialization of people as masculine or feminine |
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Sexual differentiation |
- Process of developing into a male or female - Begins before conception and continues during fetal development |
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Sexual Dimorphism |
Being either male or female, does not account for variation in human bodies |
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Intersexuality |
The condition of being biologically between a male and female |
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Transgender |
Someone whose identification and behavior do not match the traditional gender role for their assigned sex |
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Gender stereotypes |
Traditional notions about being masculine or feminine |
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- Security - Reproduction - Economic Production |
Gender roles revolve around these issue... |
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Gender socialization |
Assigning meaning, attitudes, and behaviors to our understanding of who we are as men and women |
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Gender nonconforming |
Individuals who manifest gender behaviors that go beyond or against the norm of the community |
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Gender Variance |
Nonconforming gender behaviors that may form from the interaction of biology, culture, individual characteristics |
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Sexual orientation |
Structure of a person's sexual or romantic interactions or both to people of the same or other sex, or toward both sexes |
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AVEN |
Asexual Visibility and Education Network |
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Kinsey Scale |
Measures the spectrum of orientation |
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Klein Scale |
Includes questions to measure sexual feelings, fantasies, and identities |
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- Behavior - Desire - Identity |
The three dimensions of homosexuality? |
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Compulsory Heterosexuality |
The condition of being socially compelled to have sexual relationships with the other gender, be married, and have children, regardless of sexual orientation |
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Sexual Geography |
Cities and neighborhoods to which sexual minorities migrate as safe places to live |
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Sexual Fluidity |
A form of sexual expression that is more situation dependent and ope to characteristics of the individual, rather than focusing on the anatomy |
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Person-based attraction |
Attraction to another person and not to that person's gender |
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Stigma |
Extreme disapproval attached to someone who deviates from socially and culturally acceptable standards of behavior |
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Minority Stress |
Chronic health effects of homophobia, such as high blood pressure and depression |
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Family of Choice |
Composed of intimate partners, close friends, and neighbors who feel close to each other. |
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Coitus interruptus |
Withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation |
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Coitus obstructus |
Putting pressure on the testicles to ejaculate sperm in the bladder |
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Coitus reservatus |
The male totally avoids ejaculation |
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Pessary |
A suppository, object, or elixir placed in the vagina to kill or blocks the passage of the sperm |
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Sea Sponges |
Used to block the sperm from entering the cervix |
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Molestation |
Any sexual act performed either a child by an adult or an older child |
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Sexual Exploitation |
Sexual abuse of children and adults through the exchange of sex or sexual acts for food, drugs, shelter or protection. |
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Rape |
Sexual penetration of the body using physical force, the threat of bodily harm, or oral penetration by a sexual organ of another person without consent. |
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Date Rape |
Forcible sex from someone a victim knows socially or is dating |
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Date Rape drugs |
Substances used by predators to overcome their victims in order to commit nonconsensual sexual acts with them |
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Rape-prone society |
Society or cultural group in which a woman's desire are considered to be unimportant and physical sexual coercion is normative |
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Disengagement Coping |
Mental methods of coping with abuse that result in disengagement from reality |
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Resiliency |
Positive capacity of people to cope with stress and adversity |
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Paraphillia |
Pattern of sexual behavior characterized by sexual arousal to individuals, objects, or situations |
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Extreme Sexual Behaviors |
Risky, non coercive behavior between consenting adults |
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BDSM |
Refers to bondage/discipline (BD) and Sadism/Masochism |
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Sexual Fetishism |
An object or body part arouses intense sexual interest and urges |
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Compulsive Behavior |
Behavior that individuals are unable to control even though they have repeatedly tried to do so |
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Sexual compulsivity |
A person's inability to control sexual urges |
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Hypersexuality |
Frequent or sudden expression of sexual urges |
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Coercive Paraphillia |
A sexual practice that involves the use of force against a sexual partner. |
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Voyeurism |
Secretly watching someone undress or engage in some type of intimate or sexual behavior |
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Exhibitionism |
Exposing genitals to unsuspecting victims for the purpose of sexual arousal |
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Frotteurism |
Act of one person rubbing his or her genitals on the other person |
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Pedophilia |
Sexual urges and gratification related to minors, especially prepubertal females and males |
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Noncoercive Paraphilia |
Involves only one person in consenting adults to engage in a sexual practice |
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Sadism |
Inflicting pain on one's sexual partner to create sexual pleasure for the person inflicting the pain |
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Masochism |
The act of inflicting pain on oneself for the purpose of pleasure |
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Transvestic fetishism |
A man becomes aroused by wearing women's clothes |
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Autoerotic Asphyxiophilia |
A form of fetishistic arousal from near suffocation |
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AB/DL |
Fetishism in which an adult dresses as a baby and the adult partner treats him or her like a baby |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
A pattern of mental and physical defects that can develop in a fetus in association with high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy |
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Endiometriosis |
A potentially painful and dangerous medical condition caused when the endometrial cells grow outside of the uterus into the abdominal cavity |
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Zona Pellucida |
The thick, protective layer on the outer part of the ovum |
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Zygote |
The product of the fusion of an egg and a sperm |
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Umbilical cord |
A structure that transports oxygen, waste, and nutrients between the fetus and the placenta |
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Lanugo |
A fine, soft hair that covers the fetus's body |
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Vernix |
A protective waxy substance on a fetus's body |
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Breech |
Position of the fetus that is emerging with buttocks or legs first rather than head first |
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Dilation |
The expansion of the cervical opening in preparation for both |
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Effacement |
Thinning of cervical tissue that occurs in preparation for birth |
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Contractions |
Muscular movements that causes the upper part of the uterus to tighten and thicken while the cervix and lower portion of the uterus stretch and relax... |
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in-vitro fertilization |
Fertilization of eggs by sperm in a lab dish for implantation in a woman's uterus |
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Gamete intrafallopian transfer |
Procedure in sperm and egg are placed directly into the fallopian tube to aid in fertilization |
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Zygote intrafallopian transfer |
Implantation of a fertilized ovum into the mother's fallopian tube |
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Artificial Insemination |
A procedure that artificially introduces semen into a female for the purpose of fertilization |
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Surrogacy |
A woman becomes pregnant for another individual and gives them the child to raise |
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Aspiration |
An abortion procedure using suction to remove an embryo or fetus from the uterus |
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Dilation and evacuation |
An abortion procedure used after the first trimester in which medication is administered to ensure fetal death prior to removing it from the uterus |
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Abortifacients |
Medications used to prevent the progression of pregnancy and induce uterine contractions to remove embryonic or fetal tissue |
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Virilization |
The masculinization of the human body and genital structure |
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Transsexualism |
The condition of changing one's biological sex to a self-identified gender |
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Habitualization |
Actions repeated frequently enough to be cast into a pattern so that they seem natural |
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Imprinting |
A rapid early learning process by which a newborn establishes a behavior pattern of recognition and attraction to another animal of its own kind or to an object identified as the parent |
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Interactive biopsychological approach |
A theory that suggests that biological, psychological, and social factors work together to produce sexual attractions and feelings, and perhaps sexual orientation |
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Tubal ligation |
A form of permanent, surgical contraception in which the fallopian tubes are tied, cut, or blocked to prevent egg and sperm from uniting |
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Failure rate |
The number of women out of 100 who will become pregnant within the first year of using a particular method |
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Perfect-use failure rate |
The failure rate of a contraceptive method used by people who utilize it regularly and correctly |
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Spermicides |
Substances that kill sperm cells |
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Intrauterine device |
A smal T-shaped plastic device containing hormones or copper that is placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy |
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Halo effect |
A positive perception of someone based on physical attractiveness |
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Matching hypothesis |
The hypothesis that people select romantic and sexual partners based upon the other person's attractiveness |
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Similarity-attraction hypothesis |
The more similar two individuals are, the greater the attraction between the two of them |
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Complementarity |
The idea that opposites attract |
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Sexual Script theory |
A theory that individuals develop scripts for sexual roles and behavior that incorporate the sexual rules of their culture |
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Triangular theory of love |
Suggests that people can have varying degrees of intimacy, passion, and commitment at any one time in their romantic relationship |
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Attachment Theory |
Theory developed by Ainsworth that helps to explain how we bond with caregivers during infancy and childhood |
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Emotion Work |
Individual's attempts to try and change in degree or quality and emotion or feeling |
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Nuclear Family |
A family system that includes the biological mother, father, and sibling |
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quid pro quo |
A form of sexual harassment in which submission to unwelcome sexual conduct becomes either a condition of employment or personnel action |
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Abasiophilia |
Sexual attraction to people who use leg braces |
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Love map |
A cognitive template for attraction and sexual expression believed to develop in childhood |
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Sexual novelty |
Creative exploration of what is sexually arousing and satisfying to one or both partners |
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Secure Attachment Theory |
Associated with a wide variety of positive relationship characteristics |
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Communication Privacy Management Theory |
Idea that the revelation of private information in a relationship has the potential to leave individuals feeling vulnerable or resentful regarding the shared information |
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Criticism |
Involves attacking someone's personality or character rather than a specific behavior or event |
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Contempt |
The intention to insult and psychologically abuse someone |
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Stonewalling |
Disengaging from an interaction both verbally and becoming silent |
