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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is light? |
Light is a form of energy visible to the human eye. |
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How does light energy travel through space? |
By RADIATION |
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How fast does light travel at? |
3.0 x 10^8 m/s |
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What is light part of? |
The Electromagnetic Spectrum. |
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What is the largest electromagnetic wave? |
Radio waves. |
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What is the smallest electromagnetic wave? |
Gamma Rays. |
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What is the electromagnetic spectrum? |
It is a classification of electromagnetic waves by energy levels. |
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What is an electromagnetic wave? |
It is a wave of energy that has both electric and magnetic parts. |
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What are the primary colors of the eyes? |
Red, Green, and Blue. |
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What is visible light? |
It is an electromagnetic wave that is detected by the human eye. |
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What are the seven distinct colors in white light? |
R.O.Y.G.B.I.V Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. |
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What color bends the least at its longest wavelength? This is the least energetic. |
Red. |
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What color bends the most at its shortest wavelength? This is the most energetic. |
Violet. |
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What is incandescence light source? |
It is the process of producing light as a result of high temperature. |
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What is electric discharge light source? |
It is the process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas. The electricity causes the gas to glow. |
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What is phosphorescence light source? |
It is glow in the dark. The phosphorus absorbs light and emits a dim light. |
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What is fluorescence light source? |
It is when an object absorbs ultraviolet light and immediately releases the light. |
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What is bioluminescence light source? |
It is living things producing light through chemical reactions in their bodies. |
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What is triboluminescence light source? |
It is the production of light from friction as a result from crushing, grinding, etc. |
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What is LED light source? |
LED's emit light when a semiconductor allows electric currents to flow in a specific direction. |
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What is LASER light source? |
It is an intensely concentrated beam. |
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What does LASER stand for?
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Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. |
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What are mirrors made of? |
Glass and Reflective silver. |
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What is the outgoing ray called? |
Reflected Ray. |
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What is the incoming ray called? |
Incident Ray. |
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What is the point where the rays meet called? |
Point of Incidence. |
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What is a reflection off of a smooth surface called? |
Specular Reflection. |
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What is a reflection off of a rough surface called? |
Diffuse Reflection. |
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What is SALT? |
S: Size (same, larger, smaller) A: Attitude (upright or inverted) L: Location (same distance, further, closer) |
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What are 3 types of curved mirrors? |
1. Spherical mirror 2. Cylindrical mirror 3. Parabolic mirror |
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How are curved mirrors created? |
They are created when the surface of a sphere is made reflective. |
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What are the 4 rules to finding an image in a concave mirror? |
1. Parallel Ray (reflects through the focus) 2. Ray through the center of curvature (reflects back on itself) 3. Ray through Focus (reflects parallel to the principal axis) 4. Ray aimed at the vertex |
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What is the SALT when an object is beyond the center of curvature and focus? |
S: Smaller A: Inverted L: Between C & F T: Real |
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What is the SALT when an object is at the center of curvature? |
S: Same A: inverted L: on C T: real |
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What is the SALT when an object is between the center of curvature and focus? |
S: Bigger A: Inverted L: Past C T: Real |
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What is the SALT when an object is at the focus? |
ALL LINES ARE PARALLEL SO NO IMAGE FORMS! |
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What is the SALT when an object is beyond the center of curvature and focus? |
S: Bigger A: Upright L: Behind Mirrors T: Virtual |
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What are the 3 rules for finding an image in a convex mirror? |
1. Parallel Rays (reflects through focus) 2. Ray through the center of curvature (reflected back onto itself) 3. Ray through focus (reflects through focus) |
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What is the SALT for all images formed in a convex Mirror? |
S: Smaller A: Upright L: Behind Mirror T: Virtual |
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What is refraction? |
Refraction is the bending of light as it goes through one medium and into another. |
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What happens when light travels through one medium into another? |
Part of the incident ray is reflected and part of the incident ray is reflected. |
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What causes refraction? |
Refraction occurs when a light ray moves from one substance to another. |
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What are the two rules of refraction? |
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane. (all 2-D) 2. Light bends towards the normal when the speed of light in the first medium is faster than the speed of light in the second medium. |
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What is total internal refraction? |
It is if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle and the refracted ray no longer exits the medium. It reflects back into the medium. |
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What are two conditions for total internal reflection? |
1. Light is travelling slower in the first medium vs. the second medium. 2. Angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. (90 degrees) |
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What does θ1 mean? |
It represents the angle of incidence. |
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What does θ2 mean? |
It represents the angle of refraction. |
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What does θi mean? |
Angle of incidence. |
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What does θr mean? |
Angle of reflection. |
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What does θR mean? |
Angle of refraction. |
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How do you calculate the index of refraction? |
n = c/v n=index of refraction c=speed of light v=speed of light in medium |
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What method is used for solving equations? |
GRESS |
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What does the triangle look like for equations involving the speed of light in a substance and index of refraction? |
^ / C \ /-------\ / n | v \ --------------
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What does Do, Di, and F symbolize? |
Do: Distance between object and mirror. Di: Distance between image and mirror. F: Distance between focal point and mirror. |
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A column of the Periodic Table Of Elements is called a what? |
A Family or group. |
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A row of the Periodic Table Of Elements is called a what? |
A Period. |
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What is another name for Atomic Notation? |
Nuclear Symbol. |
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What should you remember when creating the standard atomic notation? |
Atomic Mass on top. Atomic Number on bottom. |
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How do you determine the number of electrons and protons in an atom? |
Look at the Atomic Number. |
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How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom? |
You subtract the Atomic Mass from the Atomic Number. (mass-#) |
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What are the electrons in the outer energy level called? |
Valence Electrons. |
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What are Lewis Dot Diagrams used for? |
They are used to illustrate only the valence electrons for the atom. |
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What is group 1 called? |
Alkali Metals. |
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What is group 2 called? |
Alkaline Earth Metals. |
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What is group 3-12 called? |
Transition Metals. |
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What is group 17 called? |
Halogens. |
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What is group 18 called? |
Noble Gasses/Inert Gasses. |
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Where are the Metalloids located? |
On the staircase. |
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Where are the Metals located? |
On the left of stairs. |
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Where are the Non-Metals located? |
On the right of stairs. |
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What are the Roman Numerals for 1-6? |
1 - I 2 - II 3 - III 4 - IV 5 - V 6 - VI |
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What are the two types of bonding? |
Ionic and Covalent. |
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What are the prefixes for Covalent Compounds? |
1 - Mono 2 - Di 3 - Tri 4 - Tetra 5 - Penta 6 - Hexa 7 - Hepta 8 - Octa 9 - Nona 10 - Deca |
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What should you remember when writing a balanced equation? |
When an element is on its own, use HOFBrINCl. |
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What is IUPAC naming? What is Systematic naming? |
IUPAC: Copper II Chloride SYTEMATIC: Selenium Monobromide |
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What is the difference between covalent and ionic compounds? |
Covalent: Non-Metal + Non-MetalIonic: Metal + Metal/Non-Metal |
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What does EXOthermic mean? |
The reaction gives off heat and requires energy only to start, not to continue. |
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What does ENDOthermic mean? |
The reaction requires constant inputs of energy. |
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What is a Neutralization Reaction? |
ACID + BASE = SALT+ WATER |
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How do you test for Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide? |
Hydrogen: Use a burning splint, listen for a pop. Oxygen: Use a glowing splint, it will glow brighter. Carbon Dioxide: Use a burning splint, it will extinguish. |
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What are the five types of reactions? |
Synthesis, Decomposition, Single displacement, Double displacement, and Combustion. |
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What is special about Acid compounds? |
They usually start with H. |
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What is special about Base compounds? |
They usually have OH in their formula. |
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What does it mean if a PH level is low? |
It is very acidic. |
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What does it mean if a PH level is high? |
It is very basic. |
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What are some signs that a physical change has occurred? |
-Colour change -Easy to reverse -State change |
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What are some signs that a chemical change has occurred? |
-Hard to reverse -Bubbles form -Heat is present |
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What are 5 products of metals? |
-usually shiny -malleable -usually solid at room temperature -ductile |
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What does WHMIS stand for? |
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System. |
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What is the most active metal? |
Litium. |
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What is the least active metal? |
Gold. |
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What is the speed of light in water? |
1.33 X 10^8 m/s |
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What is a fibre optic? |
A fiber optic is a small cable that transmits information and technology? |
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What is the function of the cell wall? |
It is a rigid and strong outer layer that supports and protects. |
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
It allows materials to enter and leave the cell. |
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What is the function of the nucleus? |
It is the brain of the cell. |
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What is the function of the cytoplasm? |
It is a clear gel inside the cell membrane where organelles are located. |
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What is the function of mitochondria? |
It is the powerhouse of the cell that makes energy by breaking down food. |
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What is the function of the vacuole? |
It helps plants to maintain shape storage, digestion, and waste removal. |
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What is the function of Lysosomes? |
It breaks down waste materials. |
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What is the function of Ribosomes? |
They are the site of protein synthesis. |
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What is the function of the Nuclear membrane? |
It controls movement in or out of the nucleus. |
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What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum? |
To transport things in cells. |
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What is the function of Golgi bodies? |
They are fluid filled sacs that store water, food, and other chemicals. |
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What are 5 characteristics of living things? |
1. They obtain energy 2. They use energy 3. They grow 4. They reproduce 5. They are made up of cells |
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What are the 3 main ideas of the cell theory? |
1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells come from other living cells |
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What is the difference between a Benign and Malignant tumor? |
Benign: Non-Cancerous Malignant: Cancerous |
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How is cancer treated? |
Radiation, Chemotherapy, and Surgery. |
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How is cancer diagnosed? |
X-Rays, Ultrasounds, CT scans, and MRI's |
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What specialized cell contracts to allow movement?
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Muscle cells. |
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What specialized cell stores calcium and builds new bones? |
Bone cells. |
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What specialized cell conducts electrical impulses and co-ordinate activity? |
Nerve cells. |
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What specialized cell is in the inner ear and detects sounds vibrations? |
Hair cells. |
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What specialized cell stores energy in the form of fat? |
Fat cells. |
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What specialized cell delivers Oxygen and removes carbon dioxide? |
Red Blood cells. |
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What specialized cell covers the body and reduces water loss. |
Skin cells. |
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What is Epithelial tissue? |
Epithelial tissue lines the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body. |
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What is Connective tissue? |
Connective tissue supports the body and limbs. |
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What is Nerve tissue? |
Nerve tissue regulates and controls bodily functions and activities. |
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What is Muscle tissue? |
Muscle tissue is soft tissue that composes muscles. |
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During INHALATION what do the muscles, and diaphragm do? Does air go in or out of the lungs? |
The muscles and diaphragm contract and move up. The air is pulled into the lungs. |
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During EXHALATION what do the muscles, and diaphragm do? Does air go in or out of the lungs? |
The muscles and diaphragm relax and move down. The air is pushed out of the lungs. |
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What are arteries? |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. |
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What are veins? |
Veins carry blood to the heart from the lungs after being oxygenated. |
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What are capillaries? |
Capillaries allow water, oxygen, and other nutrients to exchange between blood and tissues. |
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What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion? |
Chemical digestion is done with organs. Mechanical digestion is done with teeth. |
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What are two main differences between plant and animals? |
Plants do not need a digestive system, nervous system, or muscular-skeletal system. |
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What are three tissue types in plants? |
-Meristematic tissue -dermal tissue -ground tissue -vascular tissue |
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In the heart, which side has low O2? |
The side closest to the vena cava's. |
