Government- Chapter 2

Front 1

limited government

Back 1

the idea that government is restricted in what it may do, and every individual has certain rights that government cannot take away

Front 2

representative government

Back 2

the idea that government should serve the will of the people; people should have a voice in deciding what government should and should not do

Front 3

Magna Carta

Back 3

1215; included guarantees of such fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law; established the idea that the monarchy's power was not absolute

Front 4

due process

Back 4

protection against arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property

Front 5

petition of right

Back 5

limited the king's power by:
1. king could no longer imprison/punish any person but by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land
2. king could not impose martial law or military rule in times of peace
3: king could not require homeowners to shelter the king's troops without their consent

the petition challenged the idea of the divine right of kings, declaring that even a monarch must obey the law of the land

Front 6

English bill of rights

Back 6

1689; prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the consent of Parliament; included guarantees as the right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishmen

Front 7

charter

Back 7

a written grant of authority from the king; gave colonists or companies a grant of land and some governing rights

Front 8

royal colonies

Back 8

colonies that were subject to the direct control of the Crown

government; king names governor to serve as the colony's chief executive; a council named by the king, served as an advisory body to the royal governor

Front 9

bicameral

Back 9

two house legislature

Front 10

proprietary colonies

Back 10

colonies organized by a proprietor, a person to whom the king had made a grant of land

government: like the royal colonies except the governor was appointed by the proprietor

Front 11

unicameral

Back 11

one house legislature

Front 12

charter colonies

Back 12

The MA Bay Colony was the first of this kind of colony

government: governors were elected each year by the white, male, property owners; king's approval was required but hardly ever asked

Front 13

confederation

Back 13

a joining of several groups for a common purpose

Front 14

Albany plan of union

Back 14

B. Franklin's plan that proposed the creation of an annual congress of delegates from each of the 13 colonies which would have the power to raise military and naval forces, make war and peace with the Native Americans, regulate trade with them, tax, and collect custom duties

made as a solution to the problem of colonial trade and the danger of attacks

Front 15

delegates

Back 15

representatives

Front 16

Stamp Act

Back 16

required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, certain business agreements, and on newspapers

Front 17

Boston Massacre

Back 17

British troops firing on a jeering crowd in MA

Front 18

First Continental congress

Back 18

discussed the worsening situation and debated plans for action; delegates urged the colonies to refuse all trade with England until the hated taxes and trade regulations were repealed

Front 19

Second Continental congress

Back 19

met in Philadelphia; became the nation's first national government; condemned by the British an unlawful assembly; served as the first government of the United States for 5 years; raised armies and a navy, borrowed funds, bought supplies, created a money system, made treaties with foreign powers, and other things

Front 20

popular sovereignty

Back 20

power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern must exercise it in conformity with the general will

Front 21

articles of confederation

Back 21

established 'a firm league of friendship' among the states

Front 22

ok

Back 22

governmental structure of AOF:
- congress was the sole body
- it was unicameral
- made up of delegates chosen yearly by the State
- established no executive or judicial branch

Front 23

ratification

Back 23

formal approval

Front 24

powers of congress under AOC?

Back 24

1. make war and peace
2. send and receive ambassadors
3. make treaties
4. borrow money
5. set up a money system
6. establish post offices
7. build a navy, raise an army b asking States for troops
8. fix uniform standards of weights and measures
9. settle disputes among states

Front 25

state obligations under AOC

Back 25

1. obey the articles and acts of the congress
2. provide the funds and troops requested by congress
3. treat citizens of other states fairly and equally within their own borders
4. give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other states
5. agreed to surrender fugitives from justice to one another
6. agreed to submit their disputes to congress for settlement
7. allow open travel and trade among the states

Front 26

weaknesses for Congress under AOC

Back 26

1. did not have the power to tax
- could raise money only by borrowing and asking the states for funds
2. regulate trade between the states
3. lack of power to make the States obey the AOC or the laws it made

Front 27

framers

Back 27

many outstanding individuals; men of wide knowledge and public experience

Front 28

the virginia plan

Back 28

called for a new government with three separate branches (legislative, executive, and judicial); bicameral; representation in each house was to be based either on population or the amount of money a state gave for the support of the central government; favored big states

Front 29

new jersey plan

Back 29

retained the unicameral congress, called for a 'federal executive' of more than one person; favored smaller states

Front 30

Connecticut compromise

Back 30

agreed that congress should be composed of 2 houses, states would be represented equally in the senate and by population in the house

Front 31

three-fifths compromise

Back 31

provided that all 'free persons' should be counted and that 'three-fifths' of slaves be counted when counting a state's population; favored slave states

Front 32

commerce and slave trade compromise

Back 32

congress was forbidden the power to tax the export of goods from any state, forbidden the power to act on the slave trade for a period of at least 20 years

Front 33

federalists

Back 33

favored the ratification; wanted a strong national government

people: james madison, alexander hamilton

Front 34

anti-federalists

Back 34

against ratification; wanted a bill of rights; afraid fo big government

people: patrick henry, richard henry lee, john hancock, samuel adams