Gis Final Cum Portion

Front 1

Define the dissolve function

Back 1

aggregates layers with the same features and removes any boundaries between them, leaving only the boundaries around their shared features.

Front 2

In 2 sentences or less, define geographic information systems.

Back 2

A computer-based system that aids in 1. storing, 2. indexing, 3. displaying, and 4. analyzing spatial data and information

Front 3

Name 5 necessary components of a GIS.

Back 3

1. hardware

2. software

3. data

4. methods

5. people

Front 4

All data used within a GIS, regardless of the data model, have 2 distinct components. Name them.

Back 4

1. geographic

2. attribute

Front 5

Another word for spatial data is

Back 5

geographic data

Front 6

Another name for aspatial data is

Back 6

attribute data

Front 7

vector data best represents

Back 7

discrete data

Front 8

raster data models best represent

Back 8

continuous data

Front 9

list 5 concerns in aquiring digital data

Back 9

1. coordinate system

2. scale

3. how the data was acquired

4. analysis of data

5. age of the data

Front 10

Describe satellite ranging

Back 10

uses triangulation to determine location. Satellites 1 and 2 send signals and satellite 3 determines the point where the 3 signals intersect.

Front 11

Name 4 errors that can affect acquired field data

Back 11

1. multipath signal error

2. atmospheric delay

3. receiver clock error

4. orbital error

Front 12

Describe multipath signal errors

Back 12

radio signals are obstructed by an object, causing the timestamp to be off

Front 13

Describe atmospheric delay error.

Back 13

solar flares or storms affect the signal

Front 14

Describe an orbital error

Back 14

one of the satellites ate off their normal geometric position

Front 15

Describe a receiver clock error

Back 15

the receiver's clock is wrong which affects the timestamp

Front 16

Define remote sensing

Back 16

the science/art of obtaining information about a place or object with a device not in direct contact with it

Front 17

how does remote sensing work?

Back 17

aircraft or satellites create a series of images from reflected electromagnetic radiation (EMR.) these images come together to form a composite color image of the surface of earth based on these reflections. this image is then sent back to earth from the satellite.

Front 18

Define entity

Back 18

any thing we are interested in collecting data on

Front 19

Define attribute

Back 19

a description of the thing we are interested in

Front 20

Name the 6 components all maps should/could contain

Back 20

SHOULD:

1. title

2. map body

3. scale bar

4. legend

COULD:

5. north arrow

6. neatline/border

Front 21

What is the main type of data a choropleth map displays?

Back 21

intensive data

Front 22

What is the main type of data a dot-density displays?

Back 22

extensive data

Front 23

Describe intensive data and give examples

Back 23

derived data, ratios & averages

examples: average rainfall amount in KY

Front 24

describe extensive data and give an example

Back 24

count data, attribute values

example: dental clinics in KY

Front 25

Name 3 considerations to make when creating a dot-density map

Back 25

1. within the region, where should I place my dot?

2. how large should my dot be?

3. what unit of value should I assign to each dot?

Front 26

What 3 components comprise the Global Positioning System?

Back 26

1. space

2. control

3. user

Front 27

Describe the space component of GPS

Back 27

24+ satellites orbit earth every 24 hours

at least 5-8 of these satellites are accessible at any given time by a receiver

Front 28

describe the control component of GPS

Back 28

comprised of tracking stations that monitor the functionality, orbit, and signals of the satellites.

if they find an error, it is reported back to earth so it can be corrected.

Front 29

describe the user component of GPS

Back 29

the user uses a receiver to pick up radio signals from satellite receivers.

cam be high or low end - design and quality will affect the accuracy of signal receiving.

Front 30

explain the function of a buffer

Back 30

selects the areas within a specified distance to a selected feature

Front 31

What is a map overlay?

Back 31

takes an input of 2 layers to create one result layer.

options: union or intersect

Front 32

describe the clip function

Back 32

"stamps" a selected area and creates a "cookie cutter," thus removing any data from layers outside your selected area

Front 33

list 2 examples of raster data

Back 33

1. image

2. gridded area class map layer

Front 34

define the class, zone, and value of raster data

Back 34

zone: a continuous group of pixels with the same value

class: a group of zones

value: the numeric integer assigned to a single pixel

Front 35

How are DEM's generated?

Back 35

spatial interpolation, photogrammery, or scanning

Front 36

what are DEM's used to derive?

Back 36

1. watersheds and drainage basins

2. drainage basin networks and channels

3. points, peaks, and surface landforms

Front 37

What can DEM's model?

Back 37

1. forest fires

2. hydrological flow

3. drainage basins

Front 38

Name 2 attributes derived from DEM's

Back 38

1. wetness index

2. vertical profiling

Front 39

what is a viewshed analysis?

Back 39

determines what people can and cannot see well from a certain place on the ground.

used for deciding height and location for billboards

Front 40

What is a union?

Back 40

takes 2 input layers and combines them, *regardless if they overlap or not

Front 41

what is an intersect?

Back 41

takes 2 input layers and combines them, but the resulting output layer will only include the areas containing their shared areas.

Front 42

Name 3 methods of dealing with the mixed pixel problem

Back 42

1. centroid

2. transverse

3. percentage