Recent And Future Innovations In GIS And The Challenges.
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that allows capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which is spatially referenced to the earth (DoE, 1987). GIS is made up of two types of data, spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data refers to all types of data objects that represent geographical space; it allows locating anything in the world. Attribute data is the additional information about a spatial feature. GIS is a very powerful system that uses location to integrate and display information (Bodenharmer, Corrigan & Harris, 2010). Geographical data in the past was represented only on paper maps but nowadays it is mostly stored …show more content…
A Geographic Information System (GIS) must be able to maintain information about spatial phenomena and users must be able to analyse the information. 3D GIS provides the same functions as the 2D GIS, capturing of data, structuring data, manipulation of data, data analysis and presenting the data. Many activities require the 3D GIS, urban planning, environment monitoring, telecommunication, public rescue services, transportation, landscape planning and military operations (Zlatanova, Rahman & Pilouk, 2002). The military uses ArcGIS for their operations. GIS development has led to many breakthroughs, we see 3D GIS being widely used in oil exploration and the planning of drilling operations. A Novel Recommender System has been developed and it combines a hybrid recommendation engine and a mobile 3D GIS architecture. The Novel Mobile Recommender System allows tourists to benefit from innovative features like the 3D map-based interface and real time location-sensitive recommendations (Noguera, Barranco & Martinez, 2012). Real time 3D GIS can be used for the development and implementation of GIS based intelligent emergency response systems that focus on providing quick emergency response on multi-level structures (Kwan & Lee, 2005). GIS is rapidly expanding into new fields and application, entering new sectors and solving new problems every …show more content…
Technology improvement will remain an important condition for the achievement of cheaper, faster and better interoperability. Geographic information is central to the use of GIS. If GIS does not exist it is expensive to collect data, edit or update information, if GIS exists then it minimizes the costs and saves time. In the past GIS applications were more used by GIS specialist but we now see the public involvement in the use of GIS. GIS is rapidly expanding into new fields and new application areas and solving new problems. The future innovations in GIS will aim at solving the weaknesses of the present geographic information systems. GIS is looking to introduce the 4-D GIS and that will change the way we see the world and indoor location and the involvement of real-time situations monitoring and assessment. The development and innovation of recent and future innovations is faced by many challenges but we still see GIS entering new sectors and solving problems worldwide. The increase use and access to the internet is contributing to GIS developing and reaching new
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that allows capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which is spatially referenced to the earth (DoE, 1987). GIS is made up of two types of data, spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data refers to all types of data objects that represent geographical space; it allows locating anything in the world. Attribute data is the additional information about a spatial feature. GIS is a very powerful system that uses location to integrate and display information (Bodenharmer, Corrigan & Harris, 2010). Geographical data in the past was represented only on paper maps but nowadays it is mostly stored …show more content…
A Geographic Information System (GIS) must be able to maintain information about spatial phenomena and users must be able to analyse the information. 3D GIS provides the same functions as the 2D GIS, capturing of data, structuring data, manipulation of data, data analysis and presenting the data. Many activities require the 3D GIS, urban planning, environment monitoring, telecommunication, public rescue services, transportation, landscape planning and military operations (Zlatanova, Rahman & Pilouk, 2002). The military uses ArcGIS for their operations. GIS development has led to many breakthroughs, we see 3D GIS being widely used in oil exploration and the planning of drilling operations. A Novel Recommender System has been developed and it combines a hybrid recommendation engine and a mobile 3D GIS architecture. The Novel Mobile Recommender System allows tourists to benefit from innovative features like the 3D map-based interface and real time location-sensitive recommendations (Noguera, Barranco & Martinez, 2012). Real time 3D GIS can be used for the development and implementation of GIS based intelligent emergency response systems that focus on providing quick emergency response on multi-level structures (Kwan & Lee, 2005). GIS is rapidly expanding into new fields and application, entering new sectors and solving new problems every …show more content…
Technology improvement will remain an important condition for the achievement of cheaper, faster and better interoperability. Geographic information is central to the use of GIS. If GIS does not exist it is expensive to collect data, edit or update information, if GIS exists then it minimizes the costs and saves time. In the past GIS applications were more used by GIS specialist but we now see the public involvement in the use of GIS. GIS is rapidly expanding into new fields and new application areas and solving new problems. The future innovations in GIS will aim at solving the weaknesses of the present geographic information systems. GIS is looking to introduce the 4-D GIS and that will change the way we see the world and indoor location and the involvement of real-time situations monitoring and assessment. The development and innovation of recent and future innovations is faced by many challenges but we still see GIS entering new sectors and solving problems worldwide. The increase use and access to the internet is contributing to GIS developing and reaching new