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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Nationalism? |
Strong ethnic pride |
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What does Nationalism help fuel? |
Imperialsim |
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What does Imperialism cause? |
Tension |
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What is militarism? |
Glorification of military power and the constant readiness for war - comes from Nationalism |
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What is one of the main causes of WWI? |
Nationalism |
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What is ultra-nationalism? |
Thinking that your culture is the best/only good culture - causes tension and fuels nationalism |
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What was another reason for WWI? |
Alliances - there were confused sets of alliances |
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Who was the leader of German armies at this time? |
Otto von Bismark |
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What did Otto von Bismark want to do for Germany? |
Wantd to make sure Germany was isolated from Europe and had no allies |
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Who was a part of the Triple Alliance? |
Germany, Austra-Hungary and Italy |
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Who was a part of the Nonagression part with Russia? Why? |
Germany because they were afraid of Russia being troublesome and didn't want to be in a war with Russisa |
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What does Kaiser Wilhelm II want to show off? |
He wants to exercise his power/military power/strength of Germany |
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How does Kaiser Wilhelm II plan on doing so? |
Asks OvB to resign so he himself could have power |
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What soon happens after OvB's resignation? |
Wilhelm II lets the nonagression pact with Russia expire |
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What does Russia think as a result of this? |
Russia now believes that Germany is going to attack them |
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Who is a part of the Triple Entente? |
Great Britain, France and Russia (an alliance) |
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Who does Austria-Hungary annex? |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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Who does Austria-Hungary's annexation anger? |
It angers Russia because they have now seized control of Slavic people |
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Who are the heirs to the throne of Austria-Hungary? |
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Kotek |
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Who is the Black Hand? |
Slavic nationalist group |
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Who is Gavrilo Princep? What did he do? |
He is the Serbian part of the group "Black Hand" - he assassinated the Archduke and dutchess |
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What is the Ultimatem made by A-H? |
Series of demands for Serbia |
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Does Serbia listen to these demands? |
Yes - these deferr to all of them. Except one time they did not agree to having them try their criminals (wanted international court) |
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What does Serbia wanting an international court do? |
Causes A-H to declare war on Serbia - *******START OF WWI***** |
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What happens soon after A-H declares war? |
Russia mobilizes on front with A-H and Germany - Italy, Germany and Great Britain urge peace |
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What was the U.S.' opinion of the war at first? |
U.S. started off neutral to war, many thought that the U.S. would stay that way |
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What is something that came out during WWI in terms of warfare? |
Poisonous gas; chemical warfare - gas would burn you and could oftentimes cause death |
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Who are the Central Powers of the Great War? |
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire - all located at center of Europe |
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Who are the Allied Powers of the Great War? |
Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy |
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Who was the addition to the allied powers? |
Italy because they were against Germany starting an unnecessary war |
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Where did the war start? |
Western Front - border between Germany and France |
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What was the reason for the Schlieffen Plan? |
Germans were concerned about fighting on 2 fronts |
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Who created the Schlieffen Plan? |
General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen |
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What does this plan depend on? |
QUICKNESS |
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What was the first part of the Schlieffen Plan? |
Attack France first and quickly |
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Why would they attack France first? |
Because France has industrialized and has many railroads for quick mobilization, while Russia has not |
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Does this plan have success? |
It has early success - quickly makes it to the outskirts of Paris |
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What is the First Battle of Marne? |
Civilians got involved in keeping the Germans OUT - Germans were pushed back |
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What happens as a result of the First Battle of Marne? |
The Schlieffen Plan fails and the Germans are forced to fight on 2 fronts |
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What is a stalemate? |
When neither side is making any real progress - no movement |
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When was trench warfare used? |
Used during WWI |
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What was the problem with trench warfare? |
Poison gas was used but they couldn't leave otherwise they would be shot - caused many deaths - also caused people to catch diseases |
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What is the Eastern Front? |
Border between Germany and Russia |
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Where were stalemates found? |
On both the Western and Eastern fronts |
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Why was it important for Russia to stay in WWI? |
Because they needed to stay for the "allies" - Russia, however, was having trouble supplying for their armies |
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What do the allies try to do after seeing Russia was having trouble? |
Try to help them |
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What is the Gallipoli Campaign? |
Third theater of war opened by allies to get supplies to Russia through Dardanelles and Hellespont (via the sea straights) - becomes a stalemate as well |
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What did the U.S. do at the start of WWI? |
Supplied their friends but did NOT become a part of the war (because they did not want to) |
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Was the U.S. a superpower at this time? |
No |
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What helped change the U.S.' opinion of WWI? |
Lusitania sinking - causing the death of 128 U.S. citizens |
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What is unrestricted submarine warfare? |
Germans have a right to shoot down any ship that may be thought to be helping the Allies |
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What is important to note about the sinking of the Lusitania? |
It was NOT the event that brought the U.S. into WWI |
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What event DOES bring the U.S. into WWI? |
Zimmerman Telegram |
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Who sent the Zimmerman Telegram? What did it say? |
Sent by high ranked German official named Arthur Zimmerman who originally sent it to Mexico. It was asked that Mexico start a war with the U.S. so that they will be occupied at home with their own war and not be able to help the Allies |
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What did the Germans promise if the Mexicans fulfilled their wish? |
Promised they would gain all of their lost territories form the U.S. with German help |
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How did the U.S. receive this telegram? |
Britain intercepted the telegram and published it in U.S. newspaper |
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Did the telegram ever get to Mexico? |
No |
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What happens on April 2, 1917 in the U.S.? |
U.S. declares war |
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What was different about this war compared to other wars that the U.S. had faced? |
It was a total war - meaning that all of the nations' resources are put towards war efforts |
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What was the U.S. forced to do as a result of total war? |
Had to use propaganda in order for U.S. citizens to be okay with the rationing |
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Why did Russia withdraw? |
Civilians reflected their anger to Czar Nicholas |
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What happens in Russia soon after they withdraw from WWI? |
Russian monarchy was replaced by a Communist government led by Vladimir Lenin |
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What is the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? |
Treaty tat takes Russia out of the war, causing bad things to come to them - had many harsh terms and conditions |
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What is the Second Battle of Marne? |
Germany makes a big attack on Paris |
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Who joins in to help at the Second Battle of Marne? |
U.S. fresh troops help out - causing Germany to loose |
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Why did Germany become a republic? |
They were made at Kaiser for starting the war, causing Kaiser Wilhelm to resign |
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Why does Austria-Hungary revolt? |
For independence |
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What is a armistice? |
Cease fire on 11/11/1918 - meaning the war is no longer being fought |
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Why were WWI Veterans upset at the end of the war? |
Because they did not receive their bonus for their contribution in WWI |
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What first started to show the fall of the U.S. economy? |
The New York Stock Exchange crash |
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What is the Dust Bowl? |
Large clouds of dust and tornadoes in the Midwest |
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What first started to show the falling of the U.S. economy? |
The Crash of the New York Stock Exchange |
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What was considered to be one of the main sources of transportation at this time? |
Railroads/trains |
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Why did many fled the U.S. at this time? Where did most of them go? |
Most went to Russia in order to get jobs |
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How did Hitler come to power? |
He was elected |
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Why would German people elect fascist for their leader? |
Because they were desperate for someone to lead them out of their slump; devistated for the loss they had faced |
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Who was considered a failure in the U.S. at the time of the start of The Great Depression? |
President Hoover; ran for reelection but did not win because his name was thought of as a failure |
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Who came to power after Hoover? |
Roosevelt (FDR) |
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What was something often said by Roosevelt during this time? |
"There is nothing to fear but fear itself" |
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What was FDR able to do during this time of depression? |
He was able to bring some money and jobs but he was mostly known for bringing up the spirits of the people rather than the conditions |
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What was happening in California management at this time? |
People were going on strike to fight for workers rights and higher wages |
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What was FDR able to push Congress into producing? |
Social Security |
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What was the second hundred days? |
America was able to shape themselves and create a central bank |
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What was FDR's New Deal able to do for the U.S.? |
Transform the landscape of the U.S.?
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Where did the U.S. stand at the beginning of FDR's second term? |
Had not completely gotten over the depression |
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However, what was Hitler able to do with the depression in Germany at this time in history? |
He was able to end it and give everyone jobs and money, as he had promised |
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What was a Nazi threat made at Slovakia at this time? |
Threat to join the German party; Chamberlin flew down twice to try and convince Hitler otherwise but was unsuccessful |
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What was the death of a minor German diplomat used as? |
Propaganda to join the German race together against the Jews/a common enemy |
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What does FDR having Marian Anderson sing at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter send a message to Hitler about? |
It was a shot in Hitler's face to show him how we viewed black people |
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What did Marian Anderson singing also do? |
Made Jews believe that America could be their safe haven |
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What started WWII? |
Germany invaded Poland |
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What is interesting about how Americans viewed the failure at the time of the depression? |
They blamed themselves for what was happening, not others; unlike today |
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When did America become a superpower? |
AFTER WWII |
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Was America equipped for WWII? |
No |
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After Hitler was able to take down Paris, France, what was his next goal? |
To destroy the last stronghold in Europe (Britain) |
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How did Hitler try to accomplish this? Was he successful? |
He bombed London for 76 consecutive nights; Britain never gave in |
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Why did Hitler want to create "lebensraum" (living space)? |
He wanted to make living space for his "perfect race" |
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Who was being brought to German concentration camps? |
Jews and Slavic people |
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What are ghettos? |
Where Jews were segregated to at this time; where they lived |
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What were the major concerns in these ghettos? |
Disease and starvation |
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What were ghettos designed to do?
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Kill; murder the people in them; designed to make those that lived there die of starvation or disease |
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Why was Germany against Russia? |
Fascists were against Communists; also Russia had a large pop. of Jews |
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What ended WWII? |
Nagasaki bombing |
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What happened 4 days after Pearl Harbor? |
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. |
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What was surprising about this war and the contributions of Americans in it? |
It was a total war effort; everyone rationed etc. in order to contribute to the war |
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What were the 3 plans of the Germans during WWII? |
1. Deportation 2. Disease 3. Mass Execution |
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What was the final German plan after the 3 other plans did not work? |
Concentration camps |
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What changed about the oceans in WWII? |
They were no longer safe; used to be what kept U.S. out of the war |
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What happens to many Japanese leaders at the end of WWII? |
They are executed for their actions |
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How long had a Russian Revolution been brewing? |
Almost a century, it came into being in 1917 |
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What was the reason for the Russian Revolution to explode up? |
Oppressive czars |
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Who was Alexander II assassinated by? |
Revolutionaries who thought things were moving too slowly |
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What are things you could not do during the times of a czar? |
1. Question their absolute power 2. Worship outside of the Russian Orthodox Church 3. Speak a language other than Russian (Polish was banned from schools) |
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Who did Alexander III base his ruling off of? |
His grandfather Nicholas I's principles of autocracy |
