Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why were the Soviets mad at the U.S. towards the end of WWII? |
They felt they were mostly fighting against Europe - allies kept putting off invading |
|
|
What is the Nonaggression Pact? |
Pact signed by Hitler and Stalin saying they wouldn't attack each other and would split Poland |
|
|
Who was upset by the Nonaggression Pact? |
the Allies |
|
|
Who met at the Yalta Conference in 1945? |
Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union |
|
|
What did these countries discuss at the Yalta Conference? |
Planned what would happen if they won the war (WWII) |
|
|
What would Britain, U.S. and Russia do if they won WWII? |
1. Split Germany into zones; each ally would get a zone, city of Berlin would be split into parts 2. Russia agreed to assist U.S. if they fought against Japan 3. Stalin would allow free elections in any Eastern European countries that came under the control of the Soviets |
|
|
When was the United Nations (UN) created? |
End of WWII |
|
|
What does the General Assembly of the UN do? |
debated topics and help would be able to avoid aggression and war |
|
|
What did the Security Council of the UN do? |
Voted on any military actions in the world |
|
|
Who were the PERMANENT countries that were apart of the UN? |
China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States |
|
|
What can each of the permanent countries of the UN do? |
Veto |
|
|
What did the Iron Curtain separate? |
Russia from the rest of the world |
|
|
Which countries were a part of the Iron Curtain? |
Countries controlled by Russia that came in between Russia and the rest of Europe - Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech, Romania, Poland, Yugoslavia |
|
|
What did Stalin refer to the iron curtain as? |
his "buffer zone" |
|
|
What did the Postdam of 1945 say? |
Stalin said Communism and Capitalism cannot coexist (at a peace conference) |
|
|
What happened to Germany after its division? |
One side of Germany was Capitalist, while the other was Communist |
|
|
What is the problem with Communism at this time? |
It is spreading |
|
|
What is the containment policy? What was it used for? |
It keeps things in place and doesn't led things spread farther than they should, the U.S. used this to keep Communism from spreading |
|
|
What did the Truman Doctorine say about Communism? |
In order to keep Communism from spreading, we should support and supply other countries that are against Communism |
|
|
What is the domino theory? |
Stated if one country became Communist, its neighbors would most likely fall to Communism as well |
|
|
What did the Marshall Plan state? |
Stated Allies, mostly U.S., would assist in the rebuilding of Europe after WWII |
|
|
What did the Marshall Plan do for countries around the world? |
It helped avoid war and gave U.S. an influence over other countries |
|
|
What happens in Berlin after the split of Germany? |
West Berlin is isolated and the railroads are closed by Communist Germany
|
|
|
What did Berlin do about this problem?
|
Created Berlin Airlift to bring West Berlin supplies |
|
|
Who was a part of the Cold War? |
U.S. and Soviet Union |
|
|
What happens during the Cold War? |
Only passive actions; spying, propaganda, diplomacy, satellite wars |
|
|
What is the greatest thing that comes up during Cold War? |
TENSION - scaring entire planet |
|
|
What does NATO stand for? |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
|
|
What does NATO do and who was a part of it? |
Made up of Capitalist allies, said if any of them were attacked, they would ALL go to war |
|
|
What is the Warsaw Pact? |
Included Soviet controlled land |
|
|
What was the Warsaw Pact created as? |
Stalin's reaction to NATO |
|
|
What causes the U.S. and Soviet Union to began to escalate their tensions between each other? |
Nuclear War Threat |
|
|
What is brinkmanship? |
Both nations bring country to the brink of war and then back down |
|
|
What does brinkmanship cause? |
Immense amount of competition; trying to "one-up" one another |
|
|
What are ICBM's? |
Inter Continental Ballistic Missle - missile that can travel worldwide |
|
|
Who created the ICBM's? |
Soviets found them first |
|
|
What is a U-2? |
Spy plane - used by U.S. and Russia to spy on each other |
|
|
Which sides did Soviets and U.S. take in the Korean War? |
Soviets - North Korea U.S. - South Korea |
|
|
Where are the Korea's split? |
At 38th parallel |
|
|
Why did the Korean War erupt? |
Russia wanted more land |
|
|
How did the Korean War end? |
In an armistice (little to no change) |
|
|
What was Vietnam pre-WWII? |
A French colony |
|
|
Why did many Vietnamese begin to join the race for Communism? |
French decolonization |
|
|
Who is Nikita Kruschev? |
Ruler after Stalin |
|
|
What did Kruschev wish to do for Russia? |
Rid the harsh terms that Stalin put into place |
|
|
What is a significant event that took place under Kruschev? |
Cuban Missile Crisis - brinkmanship, close to U.S. (missile silos) |
|
|
Who is Leonid Breshnev? |
Took control of Russia after Kruschev was KICKED OUT |
|
|
What is Breshnev known as?
|
Suppressor, hard line Communist |
|
|
What is Prague Spring? What happened? |
All people revolted against Breshnev for freedom |
|
|
When China became Communist, what did Lenin of the Soviet Union do? |
He made a relationship with the Chinese early on |
|
|
When China became Communist, what did they do with the rest of Asia? |
They sent their own brand of Communism to Asia |
|
|
Why did China dislike the Soviet Union? |
They did not want to be in their shadow |
|
|
How does the Soviet Union view China at this time? |
Views China as a rebellious child |
|
|
What happens as a result of the tension between China and the Soviets? |
They separate; Soviets do not share their nuclear secrets with Chinese |
|
|
Who is Lyndon Johnson and what does he believe? |
He is an American who stays true to the U.S. ideas of (anti)Communism. He believes in the domino theory and things that Communism needs to be contained |
|
|
Where does Lyndon Johnson cause problems? |
Vietnam |
|
|
How were the problems in Vietnam created? |
Johnson didn't want Communism in Vietnam became Asia could then become more Communist |
|
|
Who created the Detente? |
Nixon created this as a policy change to brinkmanship |
|
|
What was the Detente created for? |
About lessening tensions; U.S. gave in to Soviets many times in order to eleviate tensions |
|
|
What does SALT stand for? |
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty |
|
|
What is the SALT I of 1972? |
Agreement between U.S. and Soviet Russia; Lessened fear of war because both sides agree to limit weaponry |
|
|
In the end, did the Detente work? |
No |
|
|
How did Ronald Reagan change the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union? |
Ends Detente and starts up brinkmanship once again |
|
|
How did the Soviets feel about the U.S. at this time? |
Felt as though they were falling behind and there would soon be a time where they couldn't keep up |
|
|
What is the SDI? |
Strategic Defense Initiative |
|
|
Who is Mikhail Gorbachev? |
New ruler in Russia |
|
|
What did Gorbachev realize? |
Soviets cannot keep up with the U.S. -- launches MAJOR westernization in Russia
|
|
|
Why does Gorbachev modernize Russia? |
Was a Communist and did not want Communism to end in Soviet Union |
|
|
What is the last dynasty in China? |
Qing Dynasty |
|
|
What did the Chinese at the time of the Qing believe in? |
Traditionalism - didn't want to modernize China because they felt that traditions would help them succeed |
|
|
Who is Kuomintang? |
Nationalist Party |
|
|
What was Kuomintang interested in? |
Interested in modernization/change - caused him to want to overthrow the Qing |
|
|
What were the "3 principals of the People"? |
1. Nationalism - pride for nationality 2. Democracy - people's right 3. Livelihood - economic security |
|
|
Who is the leader of the Kuomintang? |
Sun Yixian |
|
|
Who does Sun Yixian relinquish his power to? |
Yuan Shikai |
|
|
What did Yuan Shikai do in power? |
Abandons democratic ideals - warlord control |
|
|
Who did China join when entering WWI? |
Joined with the Allies |
|
|
What was China looking for if they won WWI? |
Looking to reclaim their territories |
|
|
Did China get their lands at the end of WWI? |
They expected to get their territories back but they ended up being given to Japan because of the Treaty of Versailles |
|
|
How did the Chinese feel about the Treaty of Versailles? |
Made them angry and also made Chinese support Communism |
|
|
What did the Chinese dislike of the Treaty of Versailles lead to? |
The May Fourth Movement |
|
|
What does the May Fourth Movement spark? |
Starts formation of the Chinese Communist Party
|
|
|
When did the Chinese Communist Party start? Who was its leader? |
Started in 1921 by Mao Zedong |
|
|
Why does the Chinese Communist Party help cause? ******* |
Split between Soviets and China |
|
|
What do the Communists begin? |
Rural (not urban) Revolution - builds movement with farmers |
|
|
Who is Liang Lie Shi? |
Better known as Chang Kai-shek |
|
|
What does Chang Kai-shek lead? |
The Nationalist Party |
|
|
Why do the Communists and Nationalists join sides? |
In order to defeat the warlords |
|
|
What happens soon after the fall of the warlords? |
Liang Jie Shi attacks Communists and does everything in his power to eliminate Communism (massacres of officials) |
|
|
Who was a part of the Long March? |
700k Nationalist soldiers and 100k Communist soldiers |
|
|
How does the Chinese Civil War stop? |
Japanese Invasion of WWII |
|
|
Who wins the Chinese Civil War? |
Communists because Chinese were upset by WWII, therefore making Communism more popular |
|
|
What does Mao Zedong claim after end of Civil War? |
He has the new Mandate of Heaven (right to rule) |
|
|
What is the Agarian Reform Law? |
Collectivization of farms to be controlled by the government (everyone was okay with it at first) |
|
|
What was the 5 Year Plan able to do? |
Increase the industrial output with an industrial spin (mining etc.) |
|
|
What is the Great Leap Forward? |
Farms were taken and people were forced to live there in communes
|
|
|
What is the common way of thinking during this time of Communism? Is this fair? |
Take what you need and work as hard as you can - not fair because humans aren't perfect |
|
|
Is the Great Leap Forward a success? |
No great failure, Socialism also does not work |
|
|
Why does Mao step down? |
Modernization needed help from new rulers |
|
|
Who are the Red Guard? |
The strict adherence to Communism who wished to restore Mao's ideas |
|
|
What happens during the Chinese Cultural Revolution? |
Education is devalued, new ideas no longer safe, and order is restored |
|
|
Who are the sepoys? |
Indian soldiers |
|
|
Who has colonized India at this time? |
British |
|
|
What is currently on the rise as a result of WWI and WWII? |
Nationalism - 2 groups form in India to promote Nationalism
|
|
|
What is the first Nationalist group formed in India? |
Congress Party - promoted Nationalist ideas with Hindu propective |
|
|
What is the second Nationalist group formed in India? |
Muslim League - promoted with Muslim prospective |
|
|
How do the 2 nationalist groups start with each other? |
Start off united, later on begin to separate |
|
|
How did many Indians deal with the British? |
Resorted to violence in response to British rule because Indians were considered second class in their won country |
|
|
What were the Rowlatt Acts? |
British response to the violence - allowed imprisonment of protesters for up to 2 years with out a trial |
|
|
What is wrong with the Rowlatt Acts? |
It is a violation of the human rights |
|
|
Where did the Indians protest? |
Amritsar - intended to be peaceful protest but came out with Indians not knowing of the law against large gatherings
|
|
|
What happened at the Amristar Massacre? |
British opened fire to disperse the Indians, leaving 400 dead and 1200 wounded |
|
|
What does the Massacre cause? |
Mass anger at Britain and more people joining Nationalists |
|
|
Who is Gandhi? |
Activist for Indian nationalism and independence - all about non violence |
|
|
What is civil disobedience? |
Consciencious decision to not follow laws that someone doesn't agree with or sees as immoral |
|
|
What is an important part of civil disobedience? |
You must be willing to accept punishment for not following the law |
|
|
What is santyagraha? |
Agreement to not follow laws that are thought of as unjust - peaceful and nonviolent people who promote boycotts, work stoppages/strikes and demonstrations |
|
|
What is the Cloth Boycott? |
Boycott organized by Ghandi where they started weaving their own cloth so no mercantilism would take place in Britain |
|
|
What happened during the Salt March of 1930? |
Tax was put on salt for $$ for Britain, so they decided to make their own salt from the ocean |
|
|
Was the Salt March a success? |
Yes, it was a big event that made Indian nationalism known worldwide - Britains angry |
|
|
What did the Government of India Act of 1935 state? |
Offered SOME local self government in India with limited democratic elections --- NOT INDEPENDENCE |
|
|
What leads to the freedom of India from Britain colonization? |
British debt after WWII |
|
|
What is the Partition that soon took place in India after the British left? |
India was divided into Pakistan (Muslims) and India (Hindus) |
|
|
What do both countries still have? What do both countries continue to fight for? |
Both still have nuclear status; both fight for their disputed territory of Kashmir |
|
|
What is the global economy ? |
Concept that everything is interconnected; all financial transactions crossing international borders seamlessly |
|
|
What is a multinational corporation? examples?
|
Corporations that produce all over the world; ex. Apple, Google, oil companies, car companies, McDonalds |
|
|
What is free trade? |
Unrestricted movement of products across international borders; tries to remove tariffs and eliminate barriers |
|
|
What are trade blocs? |
Help establish more free trade between blocs; free trade against member countries (no tariffs) |
|
|
What are some examples of trade blocs? |
European Union (EU), NAFTA |
|
|
Does globalization help everyone? |
As a hole it increases the standard of living dramatically, but does not help many third world countries and beyond |
|
|
What does the need for energy and political problems cause? |
Wars of oil in Kuwait as well as power in oil |
|
|
What is Silent Spring? What did it start? |
Book by Rachel Carson, talks about environmentalism which helped to spur change (we have in impact) |
|
|
What is Sputnik? |
First satellite launched into space from Russia - scared U.S. |
|
|
What did Sputnik cause? |
Space race |
|
|
What is the Green Revolution of the 1960's? |
People believed they could produce enough food to feed the world |
|
|
How do they increase the production of food? |
Used particles and artificial things that couldn't be sustained |
|
|
What does Global Warming cause a problem with? |
The Ozone Layer being destroyed |
