Gi

Front 1

congenital pyloric stenosis

Back 1

olive mass in epigastric region, nonbilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks

Front 2

whipples disease

Back 2

infxn with Tropheryma whippelii (g+); PAS pos macrophages in lamina propria, mesenteric nodes
older men

Front 3

lactase deficiency

Back 3

osmotic diarrhea

Front 4

pancreatic insufficiency causes

Back 4

CF, cancer obstruction, chronic pancreatitis

Front 5

celiac

Back 5

blunting villi, affects jejunum, assoc with dermatitis herpetiformis, inc risk of T-cell lymphoma
transglutaminase screening

Front 6

acute gastritis

Back 6

disruption of mucosal barrier
caused by stress, NSAIDs, etOH, uricemia, burns (Curlers), brain injury (Cushings)

Front 7

chronic gastritis A

Back 7

Ab to parietal cells, pernicious Anemia --> gastric body, Achlorydia

similar to Menetriers (hypertrophy --> parietal atrophy)

Front 8

chronic gastritis B

Back 8

caused by H. pylori
affects antrum
inc MALT lymphoma

Front 9

crohns

Back 9

terminal ileum, colon, rectal sparing
skip lesions, transmural inflammation, cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat
non-caseating granumlomas
tx: corticosteroids

Front 10

ulcerative colitis

Back 10

autoimmune
continuous colonic lesions (always rectal)
mucosal and submucosal involvement, pseudopolyps
crypt abscesses and ulcers, toxic megacolon, CRCA, bloody diarrhea, primary scleroisng cholangitis
tx: sulfasalazine

Front 11

severe ab pain

Back 11

pancreatitis, ischemic colitis, kidney stones, ab aortic aneurysm

Front 12

angiodysplasia

Back 12

tortuous dilation of vessels --> bleeding
cecum, ascending colon; older patients

Front 13

virchow's node

Back 13

involvement of left supraclavicular node by mets from gastric AC
(type A blood is RF for gastric AC)

Front 14

zollinger-ellison

Back 14

pancreatic islet cell malignancy
produces excess gastrin --> hyperacidity
assoc with MEN I

Front 15

hematochezia

Back 15

massive loss of whole blood per rectum
sigmoid diverticulosis, angiodysplasia

Front 16

invasive diarrhea pathogens

Back 16

shigella, camp jejunum, entamoeba hystolytica

Front 17

secretory diarrhea

Back 17

laxatives, vibrio cholerae -enterotoxins- E. Coli, carcinoid syndrome -serotonin inc

Front 18

acute mesenteric ischemia

Back 18

afib --> systemic embolization --> SMA

Front 19

small bowel signs

Back 19

thumbprint sign on radiograph
diffuse abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea

Front 20

ischemic colitis

Back 20

splenic flexure pain and bloody diarrhea

Front 21

5-HIAA in urine

Back 21

serotonin --> carcinoid tumor (terminal ileum)
- liver metastasis makes it a syndrome (flushing of skin, diarrhea, tricuspid regurg, pulm stenosis)

Front 22

turcot's polyposis syndrome

Back 22

AR, assoc with malignant brain tumor (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma)

Front 23

colon cancer
left vs right

Back 23

left: obstruct -- napkin ring
right: bleed -- polypoid tumors

Front 24

colon cancer

Back 24

CEA detects recurrence; RAS, rectosigmoid, colonoscopy, liver met

Front 25

pathogen of appendicitis

Back 25

E. Coli and Bacteroides fragilis

Front 26

appendicitis

Back 26

same as diverticulitis
pain precedes nausea/vomiting
-periumbilical to RLQ
-complications: perforation, pylephlebitis --> thrombosis

Front 27

anal carcinoma: basaloid vs squamous

Back 27

basaloid above pectinate line, common
squamous below pec line, HPV assoc

Front 28

plummer-vinson triad

Back 28

esophageal webs
glossitis
iron deficiency anemia

Front 29

Reye's syndrome

Back 29

childhood hepatoencephalopathy
post infxn (influenza B, VZV) or ASA
fatty liver, hypoglycemia, coma

Front 30

budd-chiari

Back 30

occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins w/ centrilobular congestion and necrosis --> cong liver dz
absence of JVD, assoc w/ polycythemia vera, preg, HCC

Front 31

black liver

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome
(conj hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 32

Gilbert's

Back 32

mildly dec bilirubin uptake or UDP-glucuronyl transferase
(unconj hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 33

primary sclerosing cholangitis

Back 33

intra and extrahepatic. inflammation and concentric onion skin fibrosis of bile ducts
hi ALP, assoc with UC

Front 34

biliary cirrhosis

Back 34

primary: intrahepatic, mitochondrial Ab, assoc w/ scleroderma and CREST
secondary: extrahepatic biliary obstruction --> bile lakes; (hi conj bilirubin)

Front 35

cholangitis triad

Back 35

jaundice, fever, RUQ pain

Front 36

h2 blockers
cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

Back 36

mech: rev block of histamine rec --> dec parietal H secretion
use: peptic ulcers, gastritis, mild GERD
tox: inh p450, gynecomastia, impotence, cross BBB and placenta

Front 37

PPI
omeprazole, lansoprazole

Back 37

mech: irrev inh H/K ATPase in parietal

Front 38

bismuth, sucralfate

Back 38

mech: binds ulcer base, physical protection; allows HCO3 for mucous layer
use: ETEC, ulcer healing

Front 39

misoprostol

Back 39

PGE1 analog; inc secretion of mucous barrier, dec acid
use: prevents NSAID ulcers; maintains PDA, induces labor
tox: diarrhea; abortifacient

Front 40

muscarinic antagonist

Back 40

block M1 rec on ECL cells (dec hist) and M3 rec on parietals (dec H)
use: peptic ulcer
tox: tach, dry mouth, eyes

Front 41

infliximab

Back 41

MAB to TNF
use: crohn's, RA, CML
tox: resp infxn, fever HoTN

Front 42

sulfasalazine

Back 42

AB and anti-inflamm; act by colonic bacteria
use: UC, crohn's
tox: malaise, sulfa, nausea

Front 43

ondansetron

Back 43

serotonin antagonist; anti-emetic
tox: headache, constipation

Front 44

cisapride

Back 44

mech: thru serotonin rec to inc Ach at myenteric, inc esophagus, gastric, duo
tox: torsades with other drugs

Front 45

metoclopramide

Back 45

d2 rec antagonist, inc resting tone, contractility, LES, motility
use: diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis
tox: park effects, digoxin, diabetic agents, SBO