Gastric Digestion: A Case Study

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Normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production.
Normally the stomach holds around 50cc of fluid. There are several stimuli that work together in the complex process of the digestion process (Huether & McCance, 2012). There are three phases of gastric secretion, first being the cephalic phase, which is stimulated by the thoughts , smells and taste of food. Stimulation releases acetylcholine and the release of gastrin-releasing peptide, thus indirectly stimulates hydrogen ions. The second phase is the gastric phase, which is stimulated by the expansion of the stomach. Partially digested proteins and amino acids activate gastrin from G cells. Gastrin activates acid secretion which stimulates the release of somatostatin, which …show more content…
Gastritis effects the fundus, which is classified as type A or the antrum, which is classified as type B, sometimes both areas are effected. Acute gastritis effects the epithelium cells by erosion from chemicals or drugs, excessive alcohol and metabolic disorders. Chronic gastritis causes atrophy of the lining and seen in elderly population. (Huether & McCance, 2012) Symptoms are nausea, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, loss of appetite, vomiting, black tarry stool. Diagnosis include subjective information, history and objective data of upper endoscopy, laboratory test to check or H. pylori, anemia, and fecal occult test. Treatment may include medications to reduce stomach acid( proton pump inhibitors or H-2 blockers), antibiotics for H. pylori, reduce irritating foods to include spicy foods, lactose, and gluten. Risk factors include excessive alcohol, injury, chronic vomiting, stress, medications. H. pylori, and bile reflux( Staff, …show more content…
E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Laureate Education, Inc.(Executive Producer). (2012). The gastrointestinal system. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Marks, M. J. (2016, August 3). Peptic (Stomach) Ulcer Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Diet & Remedies. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://www.medicinenet.com/peptic_ulcer/article.htmPeptic (Stomach) Ulcer Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Diet & Remedies. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/peptic_ulcer/article.htm
McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2010). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical. References
Staff, B. M. (2014). Gastritis. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastritis/basics/definition/CON-20021032
Staff, B. M. (2014). GERD. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/definition/con-20025201 .
Smoking and the Digestive System. (2013). Retrieved October 19, 2016, from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/smoking/Pages/facts.aspx
Vakil, N. (2016). Physiology of gastric acid secretion. Retrieved from

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