Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Population Change |
Population System Births ------------> Total -------> Deaths Immigration --> Population -------> Emigration |
|
|
Key Terms (Learn the Demographic Transition Model) |
Crude birth rate - Number of births per 1000 people per year in a region Crude death rate - Number of deaths per 1000 people per year in a region Natural increase - The difference between the birth and the death rate. If deaths are greater than births then it is 'natural decrease' Fertility rate - Average number of children born per woman. In 2014 UK was 2.18, average 2.5 |
|
|
Factors affecting fertility rates |
Diseases Contraception and family planning % of women educated and working Better healthcare Children needed to work to support parents Perceived cost of children Government policies (child benefits) |
|
|
Factors affecting mortality rates |
Disease Natural disasters and ability to cope and prepare War and conflict Access to healthcare Wealth Ageing population Lifestyle choices Diet, water, education and sanitation |
|
|
Analysing population change in the UK |
Family size has fallen from 4/5 in 1900s to 2 now Ageing population 16% over 65, previously 7%. Due to life expectancy increasing from 50 and 57 to 77 and 82 (m,f) Migration has increased, some counter urbanisation. 26% live in London Decline in manufacturing (offshoring) means more tertiary industry More women in work Higher education and more social mobility 8% minority groups, much more diverse population |
|
|
Internal reasons for UK population change |
Falling birth rates - suffragette movement, equal pay and rights, abortion legalised (1967) Longer life expectancy - NHS set up, school leaving age increased Changing work and status - Increased A level take up, more university students Migration trends - development of cities encourages movement Changes in ethnicity - More labour needed after war, Indian workers came over |
|
|
External reasons for UK population change |
Falling birth rates - global recession and rising energy costs limits available funds Longer life expectancy - globalised medicine and movement of dangerous jobs overseas Changing work and status - TNCs investing overseas, less jobs in UK due to rise of China/India Migration trends - cheap jobs in China mean manufacturing workers have to move to cities Changes in ethnicity - 600,000 polish have come to the UK since 2004 |
|
|
Dependency Ratio |
Population under 16 + Population over 65 ____________________________________________ x100 Population 15-64 As a result of ageing population the UK has a growing dependency, lower the score the better for the country. Currently 60% work and pay for 21% of retirees, by 2030 56% will support 27% |
|
|
Challenges of an ageing population |
- Increased tax burden of working people to fund pensions and healthcare - More housing needed - Increased dependency ratio - More healthcare needed (care homes, workers, NHS bills) - Decline in size of workforce |
|
|
Opportunities from an ageing population |
- Grey pound, spent on goods and services - Taxes can still be collected - More demand for certain services e.g. leisure activities and cafes - Younger people can benefit from their knowledge and experience - Old people do volunteer work for free that workers don't have time for |
|
|
Case Study - Christchurch in Dorset |
- 30% of the population of 47750 are pensioners By 2031 this will be 38% - Higher life expectancy than UK average (80.3, 84.4) - Lower birth rate and higher death rate than UK average (9.2b) (11.8d) - Despite natural decrease population isn't falling due to in migration - Brain drain reduces fertility rates in the area - Bournemouth, Dorset and Poole are working together to improve the quality of life for the elderly, helping them stay in their own homes for as long as possible |
