Geography 101 Exam 3 Part 1

Front 1

Geologic Time Scale

Back 1

Both relative (what happened in what order) and absolute (actual number of years before the present) methods are used in determining the sequence of the time scale.

Front 2

When geologists or acheologists dig downward into a rock or sediment they are digging "back in time." This fact is based on what principle?

Back 2

superpostion

Front 3

Uniformitarianism

Back 3

physical processes operating at the same pace and intensity thats characterized throughout geologic time (Hutton and Lyell)

Front 4

Through the atmosphere, crust and mantle the ROCK CYCLE produces what three rocks?

Back 4

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. metamorphic

Front 5

The majority of Earths crust is composed of what rock?

Back 5

Igneous Rocks make up 90% of the Earths crust, although they are completely covered by sedimentary rocks (sandstone,shale,limestone), soil or oceans.

Front 6

Conintental Crust is basically _____, when oceanic crust is basically _________.

Back 6

granite;basalt

Front 7

Three types of rock forming processes form the_____

Back 7

rock cycle

Front 8

My example of an intrusive igneous rock is:

Back 8

Pluton: which cools slowly in the crust

Front 9

The ancient roots of mountains are usually composed of what rocks?

Back 9

metamorphic

Front 10

The occurence of "contact" metamorphism would be direct evidence of :

Back 10

the local intrusion of magma that "cooked" adjoining the rock

Front 11

whats located along mid ocean ridges?

Back 11

volcanoes

Front 12

The deepest single group of features on the Earths crust are:

Back 12

the areas of plate subduction along the ocean.

Front 13

What location does subduction occur?

Back 13

along collision zones between continental and oceanic plate

Front 14

convergent plate boundaries are characteristics of:

Back 14

collision zones between plates

Front 15

Of all the major plates, India:

Back 15

accelerated over 70million years ago on its northward drift.

Front 16

Transform faults along plate boundaries are characteristics of:

Back 16

lateral motions of plate

Front 17

Transform faults occur:

Back 17

between the crests of the spreading centers, where ocean floor is moving in opposite directions

Front 18

Convection

Back 18

transfer of heat energy from one place to another (verticle motion)

advection (horizontal motion)

Front 19

Sea floor spreading center that lead to the formation of the atlantic ocean accelerated dramatically between....

Back 19

135 and 65 million years ago

Front 20

Earthquake epicenters are located with what three patterned locations?

Back 20

divergent,convergent, transform boundaries

Front 21

Volcanic activity can form:

Back 21

a. around the Pacific Ocean Basin

b. along sea floor speading, mid ocean ridges

c.at or near hot spots around the mantle plumes

Front 22

Orogenesis

Back 22

mountain building and thickening of the crust

Front 23

As tensional stress cracks the brittle crust:

Back 23

a series of parallel faults form downward-faulting blocs into the rifting crust

Front 24

What does "Plume" refer to?

Back 24

a narrow column of unusually hot mantle material that flows convectively from great depths to the Earths crust