Genitourinary-Chapter 20 Surg 2070

Front 1

What is Gerota's fascia?

Back 1

The renal fascia that encloses the kidneys.

Front 2

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Back 2

They sit superior and medial to the kidneys.

Front 3

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Back 3

The nephron.

Front 4

Which kidney is larger?

Back 4

The left.

Front 5

Which kidney is lower?

Back 5

The right.

Front 6

Where are the kidneys located?

Back 6

In the retroperitoneal space.

Front 7

What is Gerota's capsule?

Back 7

Fascia surrounding the kidneys and adrenal glands.

Front 8

What is the function of the ureters?

Back 8

To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Front 9

Which muscle is responsible for emptying the bladder and closing the orifice?

Back 9

The detrusor muscle.

Front 10

In males, where does the bladder sit?

Back 10

On the prostrate gland.

Front 11

In females, where does the bladder sit?

Back 11

On the pelvic diaphragm.

Front 12

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Back 12

The smooth triangular area located between the uretheral openings and the uretheral apperture.

Front 13

Name the male genital organs.

Back 13

testes
ductus deferens
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory ducts
penis

Front 14

What is the external uretheral opening called?

Back 14

The meatus.

Front 15

What is the foreskin of the penis called?

Back 15

The prepuce.

Front 16

Is the urethra longer in males or females.

Back 16

Males

Front 17

What structure does the urethra pass through in males?

Back 17

The prostrate.

Front 18

Where are the testes located?

Back 18

In the scrotum.

Front 19

What does UTI stand for?

Back 19

Urinary tract infection.

Front 20

What is Cushing's Syndrome?

Back 20

Condition of the adrenal glands from overproduction of ACTH from the pituitary gland.

Front 21

What is Addison's Disease?

Back 21

Adrenal hormone insuffiency causing fluid imbalance and blood pressure problems.

Front 22

What is Pheochromocytoma?

Back 22

Tumor of the adrenal gland causing overproduction of adrenalin.Results in severe hypertension.

Front 23

Another name for adrenalin?

Back 23

Epinepherine

Front 24

Define Hematuria.

Back 24

Presence of blood in the urine.

Front 25

Treatment for malignant bladder tumor?

Back 25

Transuretherally
Partial cystectomy
Total cystectomy
Radiation and chemotherapy

Front 26

Another name for urinary calculi?

Back 26

Urinary stones.

Front 27

Where do urinary calculi form?

Back 27

In the kidneys.

Front 28

What is ESWL and what is it used for?

Back 28

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Use of sound waves to break up kidney stones.

Front 29

Diabetic Nephropathy

Back 29

Glomerular sclerosis
Kidneys cannot filter blood
May lead to dialysis or transplant

Front 30

When does End Stage Renal Disease occur?

Back 30

When the kidneys function at less than 10%.

Front 31

What is a requirement in order to perform dialysis?

Back 31

To establish vascular access; dual-lumen catheter
AV fistula

Front 32

Where is an AV fistula or shunt placed?

Back 32

In non-dominate forarm between cephalic vein and radial artery.

Front 33

What is the hemodialysis solution called?

Back 33

Dialysate

Front 34

Name the types of peritoneal hemodialysis.

Back 34

CAPD
CCPD
IPD

Front 35

Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma.

Back 35

cigarette smoking
heredity
end stage renal disease and on dialysis

Front 36

Describe Wilm's Tumor.

Back 36

Congenital nephroblastoma
Between age 3-4

Front 37

What is phimosis?

Back 37

Condition where the forskin of penis will not retract.

Front 38

Describe hypospadias in males and females.

Back 38

Males-uretheral opening on underside of penis or on perineum.
Female-opening in vagina or perineum

Front 39

Describe epispadias.

Back 39

Absence of anterior wall of urethra resulting in opening on dorsal side of penis.

Front 40

What causes BPH?

Back 40

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is caused by aging and hormonal changes.

Front 41

How is prostrate cancer diagnosed?

Back 41

PSA
Biopsy

Front 42

What is a surgical treatment for BPH?

Back 42

TURP

Front 43

What does TURP stand for?

Back 43

transuretheral resection of the prostrate

Front 44

This may be performed in conjunction with a radical prostatectomy.

Back 44

pelvic lymph node removal
orchiectomy

Front 45

Define cryptorchidism.

Back 45

Failure of testes to decend into scrotum before age 1.

Front 46

What is torsion of the testicle?

Back 46

Twisting of the spermatic cord

Front 47

Surgical treatment for testicular torsion.

Back 47

Orchiopexy
orchiectomy

Front 48

Treatment for testicular cancer?

Back 48

orchiectomy
radiation
chemotherapy

Front 49

Why would a PSA test be performed after a prostatectomy for cancer?

Back 49

To rule out metasis.

Front 50

What is the most important diagnostic test in urology?

Back 50

Urinanylsis

Front 51

What kind of specimen is needed for urinanylsis for suspected infection?

Back 51

clean catch
or catheter specimen

Front 52

What is a red Robinson?

Back 52

A non-retaining urinary catheter also called straight cath

Front 53

What is a KUB?

Back 53

AP radiographic view of kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Front 54

What is IVU?

Back 54

Contrast meduim injected into vein to visualize entire urological system.

Front 55

What is retrograde urogram?

Back 55

Contrast medium injected via a catheter with a scope into the ureters because of obstruction.

Front 56

What is the only way to accurately determine malignancy and cell type?

Back 56

Biopsy

Front 57

Another name for transuretheral endoscopy?

Back 57

cystoscopy

Front 58

Describe a cysto table?

Back 58

OR bed in cysto to accomodate lithotomy position, has built-in x-ray, drain, IV poles, is adjustable.

Front 59

What is a catheter guide?

Back 59

A metal guide inserted into catheter, to help insert the catheter, then removed.

Front 60

Name some solutions used for visualization during cystoscopy.

Back 60

glycine
sorbitol
water
saline

Front 61

What is a bridge used for?

Back 61

accomodate extra length of scope,extra ports for instruments, catheters, etc

Front 62

What is a resectoscope?

Back 62

Scope with a working element to facilitate use of electrode to resect tissue.

Front 63

Is there an alternative method to chest tube placement?

Back 63

Pursestring suture placed around red robinson, Valsalva performed,suture tightened as catheter removed.

Front 64

Ellik evacuator or Toomey syringe are used for what?

Back 64

To remove resected tumor pieces and tissue.

Front 65

3 main positions used for genitourinary surgery.

Back 65

lithotomy
supine
lateral and variations of

Front 66

Incisions used for genitourinary surgery.

Back 66

inguinal
scrotal
abdominal
Gibson
flank
lumbar

Front 67

inguinal incision used for?

Back 67

access scrotal contents

Front 68

Describe a Gibson incision and its uses.

Back 68

oblique incision used for access to the lower portion of the ureter.

Front 69

When using a flank incision during genitourinary surgery, is the peritoneum entered?

Back 69

no

Front 70

Name the different types of flank incisions.

Back 70

subcostal
transcostal
intercostal