Genetics Midterm

Front 1

Colchicine is a plant alkaloid which stops what chromosome process?

Back 1

Division

Front 2

Compare haploid and diploid

Back 2

H: n condition, Half taken from m, half from f

D: 2n condition, in somatic body cells, 2x sperm/egg cell

Front 3

Explain histones

Back 3

Alkaline protein in eukaryotic cells, aid packing/order of DNA

Front 4

Spermatogenesis may produce ______ million to ____ billion sperm

Back 4

40mil - 1.5 bil

Front 5

What is makeup of semen according to genetics lecture

Back 5

Sperm, fructose, proteolytic enzymes

Front 6

Why would we stop the division of chromosomes?

Back 6

Locate centromere with wrights/giemsa, determine length of arms (match chromosomes with those of male/female parents), view banding pattern (where genes are located)

Front 7

What is the function of sperm (3)

Back 7

Activation factor for egg, provide haploid parental genome, aid repro of cell microtubules

Front 8

What do micro tubules do?

Back 8

Conduction of nutrients in cell, aid in pulling chromosomal material apart

Front 9

A homogametic male would be represented as ___ rather than XY

Back 9

XX

Front 10

Males will always attain ___ chromosome from sire, and ____ from dam

Back 10

Y from sire, x from dam

Front 11

A dioecious animal will produce which gametes

Back 11

Produce either egg or sperm

Front 12

A hermaphrodite may produce which gametes

Back 12

Produce both

Front 13

A heterogeneity male is considered a ____male

Back 13

Normal

Front 14

Explain Klingelter'ssyndrome

Back 14

Look male with female characteristics, XXY

Front 15

Explain Turner's syndrome

Back 15

One x and no y, look female, sterlility, XO

Front 16

Homogametic sex in birds would be represented __ rather than XX

Back 16

ZZ

Front 17

The heterogametic female bird is represented as what

Back 17

ZW

Front 18

In certain insect species, XX represents a _____ while XO represents a _____

Back 18

XX-female, XO-male

Front 19

T or f, birds may experience a sex reversal

Back 19

T

Front 20

What is the subscript written for a torti cat?

Back 20

Oo

Front 21

What subscript would an orange cat be compared to a black cat

Back 21

OO orange, oo black

Front 22

Is it the male or female that acts as a carrier of hemophilia?

Back 22

Female

Front 23

A torti white female may be represented as what genotype

Back 23

XOXo with either WW or Ww

Front 24

Compare meiosis to mitosis

Back 24

Meiosis- the resultant cell have half the chromosome number as parent cell

Mitosis-cell division in which new cells have same chromosome number as parental

Front 25

What is oo genesis

Back 25

Origin and development of the sperm cell

Front 26

What is parthenogenesis

Back 26

Development if an underutilizes egg into an adult organism

Front 27

Explain purebred

Back 27

Offspring if parents of identical types

Front 28

What is an autosome

Back 28

Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Front 29

Chromosomes are stained during which division stage

Back 29

Metaphase

Front 30

What does it mean to be monomorphic

Back 30

Identical appearance of sexes

Front 31

What are androgens

Back 31

Steroid hormone which bind to receptors

Front 32

What does it mean to be cryptorchid. When does it mainly occur?

Back 32

Unilateral withheld descending of testes, 9mos of age

Front 33

Hens kept in cool condition will favor which offspring sex

Back 33

Female

Front 34

What is an ova testi in a hen?

Back 34

Dormant right ovary

Front 35

What is the cremaster and what is it's function?

Back 35

Paired muscles that control testicular movement, also surround spermatic cord

Front 36

Where is luteinizing hormone produced, and what's it's purpose

Back 36

Via anterior pituitary gland, trigger ovulation and stim testosterone production

Front 37

What are function of sertoli cells regarding sperm

Back 37

'Nurse cell', provide nutrients, aid spermatogenesis, remove residual cytoplasm

Front 38

What is function of epididymis?

Back 38

Storage/maturation of spermatids

Front 39

What are the main accessory reproductive glands included in male reproduction

Back 39

1. Two seminal vesicles

2. Prostate gland

3. Two Cowpers (bulbourethral) glands

Front 40

Compare uniparous and multiparous

Back 40

U- one ovum develops for each ovarian cycle

Mnunber of ova are brought to maturity each cycle

Front 41

were does fertilization occur?

Back 41

oviduct

Front 42

what are the two outer layers of the placenta?

Back 42

outer= amnion, therefore amniotic sac

inner= allantois, therefore allantoic sac

Front 43

compare cotyledronary, diffuse, zonary, and discoid placental attachment

Back 43

c: small and numerous attachment sites (placentomes), more complicated

d: sites spread diffusely over whole placental surface, detach easily

z: attachemtn belt-like

dis:single disc-shape

Front 44

explain 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester

Back 44

1- zygote developing

2- differentiating stage of fetus structures

3- fetal growth,prep for change from parasitic to free living

Front 45

explain the 3 stages of labour

Back 45

1-uterine contraction

2- delivery of newborn

3- delivery of placenta

Front 46

what does independent assortment of traits mean?

Back 46

traits don't affect eachother

Front 47

what does trait segregation mean?

Back 47

50:50 chance of a trait

Front 48

another name for the law of segregation and recombination is known as ______ law

Back 48

Mendel's law