General Chemistry: Chapter 16

Front 1

Acidosis

Back 1

a serious condition that results in oxygen deprivation

Front 2

Buffers

Back 2

contain significant amounts of both a weak acid and its conjugate base, enabling the buffer to neutralize added aicd or added base

Front 3

A buffer works best when

Back 3

-the amounts of acid and conjugate base it contains are large and approximately equal.
-if the relative amounts of acids and base differ by more than a factor of 10, the ability of the buffer to neutralize added acid and added base diminishes

Front 4

The maximum pH range at which a buffer is effective is

Back 4

one pH unit on either side of the acid's pKa

Front 5

Polyprotic acid

Back 5

an acid that contains more than one ionizable proton and releases them sequentially

Front 6

Titration curve

Back 6

a graph of the change in pH versus added volume of acid or base during titration

Front 7

solubility product constant, Ksp

Back 7

-an equilibrium constant for the dissolution of an ionic compound in water
-constant at a given temperature

Front 8

reaction quotient, Q

Back 8

the ratio, at any point in the reaction, of the concentrations of the products of a reaction raised to their stoichiometric coefficients to the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients

Front 9

Selective precipitation

Back 9

a process in which an added reagent forms a precipitate with one of the dissolved cations but not others

Front 10

Qualitative analysis

Back 10

-a systematic way to determine the ions present in an unknown solution
-operates on the principle that a mixture of cations can be seperated and analyzed based on the differences in the solubilities of their salts

Front 11

Quantitative analysis

Back 11

-a systematic way to determine the amounts of substances in a solution or mixture

Front 12

Complex ion

Back 12

contains a central metal ion coordinated to two or more ligands

Front 13

Formation constant (Kf)

Back 13

the equilibrium constant associated with reactions for the formation of complex ions

Front 14

Ligand

Back 14

a neutral molecule or an ion that acts as a Lewis base with the central metal ion in a complex ion