Chemistry Chapter 16 Review

Front 1

freezing-point depression

Back 1

the difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent

Front 2

boiling-point elevation

Back 2

the difference in temperature between the boiling point of a solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent

Front 3

colligative property

Back 3

a property of a solution that depends only upon the number of solute particles, and not upon their identities; boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, and vapor-pressure lowering are colligative properties

Front 4

- vapor-pressure lowering, freezing-point depression, and boiling-point elevation.Colligative properties of solutions include

Back 4

Colligative properties of solutions include

Front 5

Henry’s law

Back 5

at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid

Front 6

supersaturated solution

Back 6

a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature; excess solute precipitates if a seed crystal is added

Front 7

immiscible

Back 7

describes liquids that are insoluble in each other; oil and water are immiscible

Front 8

miscible

Back 8

describes liquids that dissolve in each other in all proportions

Front 9

unsaturated solution

Back 9

a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure

Front 10

saturated solution

Back 10

a solution containing the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure; an equilibrium exists between undissolved solute and ions in solution

Front 11

solubility

Back 11

the amount of a substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution

Front 12

stirring, temperature, and surface area

Back 12

Factors that determine how fast a substance dissolves are...

Front 13

a state of dynamic equilibrium exists between the solution and any undissolved solute, provided that the temperature remains constant.

Back 13

In a saturated solution, a state of ________________ exists between the solution and any undissolved solute, provided that the temperature remains constant.

Front 14

Temperature affects the solubility of solid, liquid, and gaseous solutes in a solvent; both temperature and pressure affect the solubility of gaseous solutes.

Back 14

Temperature affects the solubility of _____________in a solvent; both temperature and pressure affect the solubility of ____________.

Front 15

mole fraction

Back 15

the ratio of the moles of solute in solution to the total number of moles of both solvent and solute

Front 16

molality (m)

Back 16

the concentration of solute in a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram (1000 g) of solvent

Front 17

molal freezing-point depression constant (Kf)

Back 17

the change in freezing point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute

Front 18

molal boiling-point elevation constant (Kb)

Back 18

the change in boiling point for a 1-molal solution of a nonvolatile molecular solute

Front 19

The magnitudes of freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation are proportional to molality.

Back 19

The magnitudes of freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation are proportional to _________.

Front 20

in molality and in mole fractions.

Back 20

Chemists use two ways to express the ratio of solute to solvent: in ______________.