General Chemistry Chapter 1

Front 1

Experiment

Back 1

an observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained

Front 2

Law

Back 2

a concise statement or mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature

Front 3

Hypothesis

Back 3

a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature

Front 4

Theory

Back 4

a tested explanation of basic natural phenomena

Front 5

Mass

Back 5

the quantity of matter in a material

Front 6

Matter

Back 6

whatever occupies space and can be percieved by our senses

Front 7

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 7

the total mass remains constant during a chemical change/reaction

Mass In = Mass Out

Front 8

Solid

Back 8

-fixed volume
-fixed shape
-low particle motion

Front 9

Liquid

Back 9

-fixed volume
-no fixed shape

Front 10

Gas

Back 10

-no fixed volume
-no fixed shape
-high particle motion

Front 11

Plasma

Back 11

-exists at extremely high temperatures
-no fixed shape
-no fixed volume
-very high particle motion
-collection of charged particles, breaks apart into ions

Ex. the sun, lightening bolts, fluorescent lights, fire, the Northern Lights

Front 12

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Back 12

-exists at extremely low temperatures
-fixed volume
-fixed shape
-very low particle motion
-matter condenses on itself, no single atoms

Front 13

Physical Change

Back 13

a change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity

Ex.
-changes of state (solid, liquid gas)
-dissolving one material in another

Front 14

Chemical Change/Reaction

Back 14

a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter

Front 15

Signs of a Chemical Change/Reaction

Back 15

-gaseous product
-color change
-formation of a precipitate

Front 16

Physical Property

Back 16

a characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity

Ex.
-physical state
-melting point
-color

Front 17

Chemical Property

Back 17

a characteristic of a material involving its chemical change

Ex.
-iron reacts with oxygen to produce rust

Front 18

Substance

Back 18

a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process

Ex.
-Element
-Compound

Front 19

Element

Back 19

a substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances

See the Periodic Table for all known elements.

Front 20

Compound

Back 20

a substance composed of two of more elements chemically combined

Front 21

Law of Definite Proportions

aka

Law of Constant Composition

Back 21

a pure compound, whatever its source, always contains definite or constant proportions of the elements by mass

Front 22

Mixture

Back 22

a material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances

Front 23

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 23

a mixture that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties

Front 24

Homogeneous Mixture

aka

Solution (in liquid form)

Back 24

a mixture that is uniform in its properties

Front 25

Colloid

Back 25

a heterogeneous mixture that can seem like a homogeneous mixture

Ex. when shaken it looks homogeneous, after sitting for a while it separates into a heterogeneous mixture

Front 26

Precision

Back 26

the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quanitity

Front 27

Accuracy

Back 27

the closeness of a single measurement to its true value

Front 28

Exact Number

Back 28

a number that arises when you count items or sometimes when you define a unit

Ex. 9 coins in a bottle, 12 inches in a foot

Front 29

Fahrenheit

Water Boils: ?
Room Temperature: ?
Water Freezes: ?

Back 29

common temperature scale in the United States

Water Boils: 212
Room Temperature: 68
Water Freezes: 32

Front 30

Celsius

Water Boils: ?
Room Temperature: ?
Water Freezes: ?

Back 30

temperature scale in general scientific use

Water Boils: 100
Room Temperature: 20
Water Freezes: 0

Front 31

Kelvin

Water Boils: ?
Room Temperature: ?
Water Freezes: ?

Back 31

SI (International Standard) unit of temperature

Water Boils: 373
Room Temperature: 293
Water Freezes: 273

Front 32

Temperature Conversion:
Celsius to Kelvin

Back 32

C + 273.15 = K

Front 33

Temperature Conversion:
Celsius to Fahrenheit

Back 33

C x 1.8 + 32 = F

Front 34

Temperature Conversion:
Fahrenheit to Celsius

Back 34

1.8(F-32) = C

Front 35

Volume

Back 35

length cubed (l x w x h)

1L = 1dm³
1mL = 1cm³

Front 36

Density

Back 36

mass per unit volume

D = m/V

V = m/D
M = DV